Developmental Psych Papere

The study of the psychological study in children has been an ongoing endeavor. storied theorist, Sigmund Freud developed a psychoanalytic st mature of psychological development think on the psychosexual development of individuals. Erikson developed his own theory of development which spanned over cardinals lifetime. Psychological development has stirred arguments in theory from biological theorists and environ mental theorists as well.Despite the uncompromised viewpoints from psychological, biological, and environmental theorists, children continue to be born, grow, and sustain adults without a definitive explanation to their development. there exists the lingering enquire as to why few children grow and develop serious psychological disorders and learning dysfunctions when compared to separate children who are devoid of any dysfunction.BackgroundAt first view, tour is a rambunctious typical 8 yr old boy. It is pronounced that his attention span is compromised as he is un able to remain pore on one activity for any given length of time. His parents, Jason and Alexis, explained that hug drug was born via Caesarean section after forty-two prolonged hours of labor. A second child was born, a girl, later the following year. At the age of 2, his parents noticed that he seemed too eager and full of energy. After a trip to the pediatrician, they were assured that this was typical behavior for a 2 year old boy.Up to the age of 4, his parents became more distraught with their inability to control his behaviors. By this point, Adam was sleeping three hours per night, had gotten outside the family home by plectron a lock with a butter knife, was physically abusing his younger sister, had overturned his collar bone bound off a Little youngster car, re-broken the collar bone in the doctors office jumping off the exam table despite the doctors efforts to glamour him, and his parents werePSYCHOLOGY 3sleeping in shifts in order to keep up with his hyperactivit y (personal communication, whitethorn 15, 2010). The family get reassurance from the pediatrician who indicated that it was a phase that Adam would soon outgrow. It is clear-cut that some(prenominal) Jason and Alexis were debating whether or not Adams behavior was an individual deflexion or an abnormal behavior, but one could also suggest the initiative of the issues with Adam being r prideful to a nature versus nurture troth (Berryman, et al, 2002)AnalysisDiagnosisWhen Adam was 6, his parents contacted a Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist after wearing every other known resource and outlet, including school counselors and the family pediatrician. Adam was present through a series of developmental, biological, and psychological tests. The psychiatrist met with the parents two-weeks following the test phase. It was determined that Adam was suffering from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( minimal brain damage) and bipolar Disorder I. While Jason and Alexis admit that they were horrified by the diagnoses, they rich person state that they were equally relieved to finally have a name for what was improper with their son (personal communication, May 15, 2010).The Diagnostics and Statistics Manual for Mental Disorders, fourth edition, (DSM-IV-TR) defines attention deficit disorder as being a condition often present in children indicated by behaviors and mannerisms inconsistent with the childs developmental age (American psychiatrical Association, 1994). Specific symptoms include restlessness, driven mood, excessive talking, distractible, and an inability to remain focused. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) notes that learning disabilities are frequent with the diagnosis of ADHD (APA, 1994). The diagnosis of BipolarPSYCHOLOGY 4Disorder I indicates that episodes of mania are or have existed in the patient. Bipolar Disorder is defined as severe mood swings associated with elated happiness, or mania, in contrast to extreme depression, or pe riods of sadness (APA, 1994).TreatmentTreating both of these conditions in a child requires consistency and encouragement from the family. From a pharmacologic standpoint, these conditions are being treated with Clonodine and Depekote. Family and cognitive therapies have been incorporated into the familys routine. Lab tests, blood work, are performed bi-weekly as the level of Depekote must be monitored so that it does not become toxic. In reference to Adams learning disability, he is enrolled in special education classes in a public elementary school. To date, Adam seems well adjusted and fully conjunct in taking his daily medications. Alexis indicated that his individual therapy has helped him to recognize periods where he has become too active, whereby Adam entrust indicate that he demand some alone time to calm down (personal communication, May 15, 2010).DiscussionThe prognosis for these types of conditions in children is uncertain. Years ago, a diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder in a child was unheard of, and it would seem to be more congruent with a Conduct Disorder. Times are changing as is developmental psychology. The subscriber line of these conditions is not definite. Alexis wonders if there was oxygen deprivation during labor which may have contributed to Adams disorders, but there is not a clear or concise medical opinion to assert this to fact (personal communication, May 15, 2010). There are still questions as to whether or not any of these conditions may be hereditary, despite the fact that neveryPSYCHOLOGY 5Jason nor Alexis have any family members with either condition. With regard to the abnormal behavior exhibited by Adam there exists a name for the psychological dysfunction. In relation to Adam as an individual, it is self-explanatory that he does have specific differences than that of other children his own age. It is still a battle and argument to be had with regard to developmental psychologists and theorists.ConclusionJason and Alexis continue to embody and function with the knowledge that their son has been diagnosed with two disorders requiring constant monitoring and care. In lieu of these conditions, they still manage to do things as any other family does. They have a family in which one child has special needs. For them, these needs have become the norm, even though golf-club views these obstacles as an impact and inconvenience. Developmental psychology is a study of the ways in which one goes from being a dependent infant to a self-sufficient adult. There are a variety of ways that each individual will accomplish such a task. There does not appear to be any one definition by which each person grows and develops thoughts, mental processes, or abilities. Each person simply grows by learning and adapting in order to survive. The field of developmental psychology has much work and interrogation ahead of itself, but it has already made great strides with regard to how society has gotten where it is.