Theory of contract law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Theory of contract law - Essay ExampleThe chief(a) object of courts while construction of a contract is to determine and give effect to the intention of the parties. This detail is elucidated by the eminent judges such as Chief Justice Brian in 1478 held that the intention of a man cannot be tried, for the Devil himself knows not the intent of a man1. And nineteenth century judges such as Lord Eldon who in kennedy v Lee said that it was not the task of his to see that some(prenominal) parties really meant the same thing, but only that both gave their assent to that proposition which, be it what it may, defacto arises come in the ground of their corresondence.2 And Austin said that when we speak of the intention of contracting parties, we mean the intention of the promissor or the intention of the promisee and he also added that the sense in which it is to be inferred from the words used or from the transaction or from both that the nonpareil party gave and the some other re ceived it3.Before essaying the subject it is significant to discuss concisely on other prime factors of a valid contract to which intention of the parties is related to, such as put forward and sufferance and consideration.Offer Consensus ad idem is the maxim on the ply and acceptance, which means meeting of minds. A contract is do out of an agreement and an agreement is do out of project and acceptance that means in an agreement one party makes an offer and the other party accepts it. An offer may be an advertizing or a definite offer either to a circumstance person or to public at large. The law is settled in this respect in Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co4 in which the company made an offer through an advertisement offering 100 to any person who is affected with influenza later using smoke balls. The plaintiff Carlill has claimed for 100 from the company since she was effected influenza. The company defended that (i) the transaction was only a bet with in the meaning of gaming acts (ii) the advertisement was not intended to effect a vertebral column obligation (iii) there was no offer to any particular person (iv) no acceptance is notified by the plaintiff. The court of appeal has rejected the grounds taken by the defendant and allowed in favour of the plaintiff. The court while allowing held that there was an offer to the piece at large, an offer can be made to the world at large and it also held that by making an offer to the world a contract is made with a limited parties who perform the conditions. Here we can observe that the intention of the advertisement was with an intention to create a profound obligation that is the reason the court has come to a conclusion of existence contract. Offer and an invitation to treat - Intention The law of contract makes a distinction mingled with offer and an invitation to treat. An invitation to treat does not make a binding contract. When a person responds to an invitation to treat makes an offer. The courts have made distinction between offer and an invitation to treat in auction sale and advertisements. In offer the intention of the parties to create legal obligation where as the in invitation to treat this intention to create legal obligation is premature. Harris v Nickerson5 In this case it was held that an advertisement specifying that goods will be sold by auction do not defecate a promise or offer. It is settled law that an advertisement without further qualification is not an offer to sell the goods but it is only an invitation to treat. The court observed the fact that the intention of the party making an advertisement is to receive the offers from the willing parties and he would select the best offer and intends to withdraw his invitation if he is not receiving the offer he is anticipating or he could accept, therefore there is no legal relationship exists at that particular point of time. The distinction between the offer and invitation to treat was clearly illustrat ed in Gibson v Manchester City of Council6. adoption When one person makes an offer and such offer is accepted then becomes an agreement. Acceptance is an

Sleep Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sleep Disorders - Essay ExampleRhythmic creative thinker bodily function occurs in this stage known as sleep spindles, as mentioned by (Cherry, 2011). It is mentioned in (www.sleepdex.org, n.d.) that thick and significantly slow brain activity characterizes stage 3 of human sleep. Slow brain waves called delta waves atomic number 18 sight mixed with faster waves in this stage, while delta waves are exclusively produced in stage 4. quick eye movement and fast breathing occurs in REM, where the rate of brain activity equals the rate observed when a person is awake. Parasomnia is a sleep disorder in which one has severe trouble in comfortably falling asleep. In this disorder, the patients experience shadowmares or sleep walking. Parasomnia can occur if one is emotional from non-REM sleep. (MedicineNet, 2011). Sleep walking most commonly occurs during stage 3 and 4, where there is slow brain activity and the patient has absolutely no idea of his/her body movement. There occur 4- 5 sleep cycles throughout the night and sleep walking primarily occurs during the first or second sleep cycle. Since there is short dormancy time involved in nap, sleep walking does not occur during the day time. Therefore, sleep walking characteristically occurs at night time during stage 3 and 4. References Cherry, K. (2011). Stages of Sleep.

Credit Crisis(Subprime) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Credit Crisis(Subprime) - Essay ExampleHowever, when touch on rates began to rise and housing prices started to decline, refinancing became more difficult and subprime borrowers were unable to make their mortgage payments, which resulted in a continuous subprime cycle throughout all markets in the United States.Subprime borrowers were unable to pay their mortgage payments, so several fiscal institutions made the effective financing approach by issuing fiscal agreements called Collaterized Debt certificate of indebtedness (CDO), mortgaged-backed securities (MBS) and a form of credit insurance called Credit Default Swaps (CDS) to sell to adornors across the world to invest in the U.S. Graph 1 illustrates that the growth of CDOs issued increased dramatically from 2004 to 2006, then dropped slightly in 2007. These types of financial foots derived value from increasing in mortgage payments and housing prices, becoming popular. The usages of the product expanded dramatically. The fina ncial innovation was carried out by firms whose activities were not regulated. The transactions became too complex and the policies were inclined to support deregulation of the financial market, sometimes being loose of supervision. The subprime mortgage crisis thus became a full-fledged financial crisis, and turned to a collapse in financial markets.As the subprime crisis intensified, financial institutions faced difficulties in raising capital squeeze default protection, and sellers (such as Northern Rock and American International Group (AIG) were reducing credit ratings. This left(a) depositors with no confidence in the stability of financial institutions and they began to withdraw their deposits, which was the main cause of bankruptcy of financial institutions. For example, due to the bankruptcy of one major institution like the AIG, it brought down the whole financial system. In the beginning of 2008, The Bear Stearns Companies,

Smiling Might Not Be Such a Safe Way to Treat Safeway Customers Essay

Smiling Might Not Be Such a in force(p) Way to Treat Safeway Customers - Essay ExampleManagement realizes this predicament. More precisely, the focus of Safeway Supermarkets understands the importance of this issue. This is why management introduced the Superior Service policy. The intentions of this policy were very clear, but in reality, there be some challenges that go along the policy from staying in place over the long term. Now that some workers are complaining against the policy, Safeway Supermarkets pass on puzzle to revisit this policy and try to change it in a way that suits the privacy call for of its employees but also take forms sure that the customer is being looked after. Main Issues The main issue here is that these are unionized workers and they are being forced to do something that they are uncomfortable with. The Union Food and commercial-grade Workers Union should focus on the point that the policy introduced by Safeway Supermarkets encroaches on the priv acy of some of its privacy. edit more specifically, it is not the actual policy that causes this, but rather the actions of those customers who misinterpret friendliness for something else. As a Safeway Supermarkets produce clerk, Richelle Roberts, testifies hit on every day by men who think she is coming on to them (Associated Press, 2012). This confirms that it is the actions of the employees that are being misinterpreted rather than the actual policy encouraging this kind of behavior. Analysis This is a inappropriate case because both the employees and management do not share sole responsibility for this situation. From the managements point of view, they have every right to expect that their employees are courteous and polite to customers. No ane would expect anything less. Also, using undercover shoppers to try and catch employees out is legal because it can be considered as a type of performance review. The employees working in the customer sales department need to be teste d on their ability to interact with customers, since this takes up a large part of their job. On the separate hand, employees should have the power to selectively choose when to smile at a customer and when not to. If a timid female employee noticed a large, overpowering man, then she might feel uncomfortable by smiling towards him. Employees should not be punished if they choose not a smile at a certain customer. If an employee feels intimidated or scared in any way, then they should not have to make friendly gestures towards that particular person. Of course, if it was discovered that an employee was not being friendly to any customers, then management would have the right to pull them up on it. Methods There needs to be a discussion in the midst of the management of Safeway Supermarkets and The Union Food and Commercial Workers Union about how a compromise can be reached. As discussed above, employees should not be forced to smile at every customer, and there should be no punis hment for not doing so. On the part of the employees, they should have to be polite to at least 75 percent of the customers who walk into a store on any given day. Of course, it would be up to the person employee to choose who to smile at and who not to. This way, employees do not have to feel threatened by customers and also a friendly image is being displayed by the company for the most part. Conclusion Issues

House of Tata Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

House of Tata - Case Study ExampleThe license raj on with the dominating factor of the red tapes brought into effect significant amount of impact in regards to the irreparable monetary bleeding of the business houses and entities. A lot many barriers also emerged in the business scene because of the fearful opposition from variant political parties. With the opening of the Indian economy, foreign direct investment was eachowed to flow into the country. With the remotion of various government based restrictions, varying amount of investments by the one-on-one and family held organizations was eitherowed in multiple sectors all over the country. It is of high relevance to highlight that the opening up of the economy in regards to foreign and private investments in various sectors promoted a significant amount of business opportunities. It is of high importance to maintain that the respective(a) range of companies that were held together under the highly efficient attractershi p of JRD Tata has always moved forward and operated in a decentralized structure in regards to tackling the daily business operations. Because of the power of decentralization promoted by the induceer JRD Tata himself, the independent set of companies which are centrally owned by the Tatas focused on capitalizing on the various growth opportunities provided by the opening up of the Indian economy. ... A presence of a single tarnish would have helped the Indias most popular corporate house to significantly communicate a unite set of quantify offerings for the company to the markets of India as well as around the world. Talking in regards to the value additions that might have happened in regards to the development of a single corporate disgrace, it needs to be mentioned that because of the self-control of multiple companies, the Tatas needed a strong and single line of communication that lead communicate the brands superiority to the others. While in the past, the presence of JRD Tata helped in communicating the values of the group in a central manner, in the recently changing times, a single corporate brand will solve the purpose. Talking in regards to the positives, associated with the formation of a brand, it needs to be highlighted that the single corporate brand based identity will act as a pillar of strength and communication for all the associated companies of the Tatas. Also, it will help in communicating the brand values of the Tatas in the open markets in simile to other rival brands. Talking in the lines of negativity, it needs to be maintained that the companies will have to fix the code of ethics and values promoted by the entire group. Non failure to address the values promoted will lead to tampering of the entire brand image for the corporate house. 1b. Building of equity interlocks among the Tata companies It is of utmost importance to mention that the Tata group of companies has ownership for multiple companies. Because of the leaders hip style practiced by JRD Tata, who was credited as the major(postnominal) most commander of the group before Ratan

UNIT 5 INDIVIDUAL PROJECT-STATISTICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

unit 5 INDIVIDUAL PROJECT-STATISTICS - Essay ExampleTo represent the possibleness it was developed an ANOVA test. The results show that there is statistical evidence to support that the average overall job satisfaction of the female employees is adjoin to the males, with a significance level of 5%.Besides, the third hypothesis examined was related to if the expected observations betwixt males and females are equal to the observed ones. The test employed to find evidence was Chi-square test. According to results, there is statistical evidence to support that the expected observations of gender is different from the observed ones, with a significance level of 5%.Finally, the last hypothesis tested was about if the expected observations among employees of human resource department and Information Technology department and presidency department are equal to the observed ones. In the same line of hypothesis three, the test utilize was Chi-square. The results show that there is sta tistical evidence to support that the expected observations of employees department is different from the observed ones, with a significance level of 5%.There were taken into account one consider in the writings review. The research analyzes and empirically tests the factors which influence in the job satisfaction. According the research of Bajpai and Srivastava (2004) job satisfaction is an military rank and represents the belief and feelings about ones job. The favorable evaluation of satisfied employees is based on their observations and wound up experience. The feeling aspect is stated as being a function of perceived relationship between all that one wants from his job/life and that entire one perceives as offering or entailing. another(prenominal) view conveyed in their research is that job satisfaction is a collection of attitudes about specific facets of the job.The study found that the amount that one is paid is not as influential to job satisfaction as perceived

Should Veil Be Judgemental In Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Should Veil Be Judgemental In Islam - Essay ExampleIt is a sacred fact that in Islam, Purdah is unnecessary for every(prenominal) woman approaching the age of puberty or who has already reached it. Many great deal and especi aloney the non- Islamics sometimes tend to believe that Hijab is in a instruction restrictive or rigid and is aimed at keeping the women inferior to men. However, nothing could be far from the truth. Ignorance and misunderstanding happen to be the leading causes behind much(prenominal) beliefs. Purdah on the one side protects the women from exploitation from the strangers and on the other hand enjoins on the women the conditions of theology and purity (Guindi, 1999). Without in any way trying to dilute or dis assess the spirit of this great religion, with all due humility, it will also be true to conclude that many a women who whitethorn not adhere to solitude in the strict sense of the term, may still show respect for the indwelling morality and purity signified by the true intentions behind the cause of purdah. Many people believe that purdah and Hijab ought to be binding on women and any women who refutes the constraints of purdah and Hijab happens, not to be a believer in the true sense of the word. However, though such views do have relevance, it would not be wrong to say that Islam in no way tends to confine and limit the socio-economic status of women to the mere constraints of purdah and Hijab, and has multiple other women centric aims and ambitions, allowing for the full development of a females personality. Considering that nobody is perfect, at that place may not be a dearth of women who though not affiliating to purdah as construe by many, may be adhering to a range of Islamic values and morals. With the passage of time, as women atomic number 18 moving forward with the influx of globalization and the opening up of societies, there is no dearth of Moslem women who not only qualify to be called the career women and w orking mothers, but who also harbor a deep seated intention to inculcate Islamic values in their personal and professional sprightliness and identify themselves as practicing Muslims (Abdo, 2000). In fact, the spread of the modern education has opened up the minds of the contemporary Muslim men and women, and one particular thing about the modern Muslim women is that they are increasingly acquire reconnected with Islam (Abdo, 2000). Yet, by the virtue of being modern Muslim women, these women also have a pragmatic get to be able to be mobile and practical in the wake of the demands being enjoined on them by their professions. Thereby, demoralizing such women by interpreting the requirements of purdah in a strict and conservative way will certainly not be an act of faith, especially more so when these women have an innate and deep seated respect and allegiance to the Islamic values and morality. For instance, there may be women who may don a veil in their public life, but, who may smoke, drink and dress in an irreconcilable manner in their private life, when nobody is observing them. In contrast, there also may be women, who may wear a short scarf out of the need of being mobile and professionally effective, yet, who have the potential to be religious and follow the Gods will in all possible ways except for the scarf. In a practical context, Islam lays stress on the purity of an exclusive

The Importance of Knowledge Managment to Organisations in 21st Century Essay

The Importance of Knowledge Managment to Organisations in 21st Century - Essay ExampleTodays work force is heavily involved in work like sales, education, health cargon, banks, insurance profligates, and fairness firms. They also provide business services such as coping, figurer programming, or making deliveries. These jobs earlier entail working with, distributing, or creating bracing association and information. In such knowledge and information orient economies the market value of the firms is based largely on the value of intangible assets for instance proprietary knowledge, information, rummy business methods, brands and other intellectual capital. In the current business scenario physical assets like building, machinery, tools and inventory discover for just 20 percent of the market value of many public firms (Beijerse, 1999). Knowledge and information in todays era provide the foundation to companies to come up with or produce new products and services. Such product in novations include the credit card, overnight package delivery, or world-wide reservation systems. Even current products shadower be classified as knowledge and information intensive products, such products include computer games, requiring a great deal of knowledge to produce. Traditional products also are making use of knowledge for instance in the automobile industry both design phase and production phase rely heavily on knowledge and information technology (Sparrow, 2001). These changes which have been described above along with goodly amount of corporate restructuring have lead to the creation of a digital firm. A digital firm is one in which all of the organisations significant business relationships are digitally enables. In this kind of digitally enable business model an organisation is connected to its customers, suppliers and employees by means of digital networks. Core business activities are carried out through these networks spreading across the organisation and link ing multiple organisations in a way that these networks create a value web (Valkokari and Helander, 2007). These digital firms are quick and immediate in sensing and responding to their environment. This capability is the fundamental difference between a digital firm and a traditional firm. This capability enhances the survival chances of a digital firm in turbulent times. Digital firms can be grown in to global organisations having global management practices in them. By restructuring their work to turn back digital means of operating, a digital firm has raised its chances to achieve unprecedented levels of profitability and competitiveness. A digital firm makes use of internet and digital technology to integrate its key business processes with its bank line partners. In this way vital information can be shared with grave constituents of the business in a seamless way. In order to reap the potential benefits of becoming a digital firm, organisations are investing heavily on info rmation technology, which enable them to integrate internal business processes and build beside working ties with channel partners (Wong, 2005). Since knowledge is the key word over here for an organisation therefore it is important to highlight the distinction between data, information, knowledge and wisdom. Data is the flow of event or transactions captured by an organisation

Project Managing Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Project Managing Marketing - Essay ExampleIn other argonas, health reforms atomic number 18 being pushed by health formations to encourage anicteric living that advised people to avoid fats and to beat only healthy foods. As these issues are closely linked to the operations that would eventually affect positivity of the KFC, a exchange of marketing political program that definesits corporate responsibility to its stakeholders is needed. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been specify as the concept that an organization has obligations not just to conduct its business and adhere to legal guidelines, entirely also to look out for the eudaimonia of . the community, and society at large (ecomii, N. d.). CSR is also viewed as a PR device to gain good favor from customers, and in some point refers to corporate moral philosophy and good governance. As such, a new marketing plan is designed in order to remediate the image of the KFC and increase its profitability. This wil l address the ethical problems in use of caged squawker and a change of direction that illustrates KFC markets and the strategies it is going to use to continue to attract customers and to micturate a solid revenue placement for the partiallyicipation. In effect, this marketing plan is a strategy that determines exactly what the market wants and coming up with a plan that will satisfy its wants. Organizational structure Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) is well known eating place range of mountainss when it comes to chicken. The companys headquarters are found at Kentucky (where it derived its name) in the U.S. As per company record, KFC has over eleven thousand restaurants located in over eighty countries of world. Some of the countries served outside U.S. are UK, China, Thailand, Kuwait, Spain and Barbados, Puerto Rico, Pakistan and many others. The major product of the company is chicken served in various forms such chunky chicken hot pie, chicken fillets, chicken sandwiches a mong others. KFC has a total of 300 sets of menus being served in its outlets. As part of YUM brand that operates a global restaurant system, KFC teams up with other restaurants like Pizza Hut and greaser bell brands (About Us). 1.1. Vision The vision of the marketing plan is to provide customers the ultimate satisfaction of eating healthy foods and to provide choices that respond to their tastes and budget. KFC does this by giving customers options between organic and non-organic chickens in the menu that customers can advantageously order in many KFC restaurants found worldwide. Management will be committed to the success of the plan and is willing to spend for the necessary resources for its successful implementation that the marketing plan is in the context of the organizations overall business plan and that the people in the organization down to the supply chain will share a similar view to the marketing function. 1.3. Objectives The overall objectives of the marketing plan is to create a new corporate image that projects KFC as sustaining ethics in animal welfare as part of its corporate social responsibility to its stakeholder and ultimately increase its profitability Replying to the demands of PETA and other animal welfare pressure groups, the use of organic chicken is proposed along with the standard chicken menu used by KFC in its restaurants. Advantages in using organic chicken are it is healthy, tastes better and safe to eat. An organic chicken, as opposed to caged chicken, is not fed

The Success of Multiculturalism in Australia Compared to Other Parts Essay

The Success of Multiculturalism in Australia Comp ared to Other Parts of the World - Essay ExampleHow well it has actually implemented in to the high society is what this research plans to emphasize.In 2001, oneness would have that the country of Australia was a very welcoming country towards opposite ideas and beliefs. After all the National Olympics were held there in that year and during that full-length time there was a great air of friendliness towards the large majority of ethnicities that had travelled to Australia from all around the world. One soulfulness would not have picked up on any bitterness or resentments towards other races at all. However, at present in 2006 it seems those feelings have changed somewhat and there has been tension developing in the country cin one caserning the idea of multiculturalism in its entirety (Suter 2001). Not only is this an issue, but the idea has developed that the country should offer sanctuary to refugees seek asylum from other p arts of the globe has become a concern as well.There are a lot of Australians that are very up tight about this and arent as welcoming of the conceit as it was anticipated they would be. One such(prenominal) example is in the idea that Australia should provide refuge for Afghanians abstracted entrance to its borders in order to seek protection from violence and terrorism in their own country. The Australian Prime Minister has not been too fond of this thought conceit and initially denied permission for one ship to land on a part of the countrys territory close to the borders of Indonesia (Suter 2001). Some of the feelings of why Australia is against such an idea are the fact that they have heavy concerns of invasion from other countries. It has been found that the Parliament of Australia itself believes that once they start allowing activities such as this to take place, more and more foreigners will expect the same event of treatment and before anything would even have a chance to be implemented to prevent this from happening, the whole country would be enveloped in a tide of other multicultural people from around the world, umpteen of whom would only be coming there for refuge. Suter (2001) details in his article that the Australians cultism of invasion runs deep, and nominate be traced all the way back to the period of the First World War. Also, they have a fear that the Island of Australia itself will eventually become overcrowded and burdened if there is an extensive amount of foreigners continuously coming in for refugee. These are some of the most logical reasons why there is such negativity by the Austrians towards this concept of wholly allowing for multiculturalism to become a constant part of the Island. What some people around the world arent sensible of are the various policies that encircle the country of Australia. Australia was developed through an idea of imperialism and meant for only white settlers. In fact in 1901 there were many str ict policy enactments that prevented any one who was non-white from being qualified to enter through the Austrian border. Of course times have changed now but there is lock up a small part of these ideals left within the country and the people of Australia itsel

Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Cardiovascular Rehabilitation - Essay Example condescension available resources, unawareness and scarcity of professionals have led to limited access of such(prenominal) programmes. In this proposal, a programme has been proposed of cardiovascular rehabilitation that would not only incorporate exercise programmes, but also would amend patients in the line of lifestyle modification that involves unconventional approaches of imparting education at the time of deployment of rehabilitative programmes.A combination of dietary, psychosocial, medical, educational, rehabilitative, and behavioural modifications can go a long way to reduce cardiovascular risks so that morbidity and mortality of such patients would drastically reduce. Government guidelines and community agencies would serve to implement such a project in reality by ensuring active participation through mentoring of these patients so the study goal is achieved.Introduction Improved prevention of coronary artery disease is one of the prime targets of the cardiovascular rehabilitation throughout the world. It is the key aim and central target of many Government bodies concerned with wellness of the people. These can be achieved by primary prevention, improved interposition of acute disease episodes, revascularization, and by substitute prevention. There is strong scientific and clinical evidence that coronary prevention through lifestyle measures, treatment of blood pressure, lipid control, aspirin therapy, post myocardial infarction treatment with beta blockers, statins, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, working(a) revascularization have major roles to play in bringing the patients into acceptable life activities and perhaps to a safe tenure of livelihood for the rest of the life. This evidence applies to the patients with angina pectoris as well as post myocardial infarction, and those revascularized. Cardiovascular rehabilitation, however, is the key to these being achieved despite the complaint that it is not being used in its adequate strength. There are many factors involved in this affair. It is a known fact that broad potential of these secondary prevention measures are not being realized in clinical practice, and as a result, the pace of progress in improving the effectiveness of secondary prevention is slow. There is failure to twist cardiac prevention and cardiovascular rehabilitation programmes to all patients at their first presentation with evidence or risks of coronary artery disease. Simply put, this fails to achieve and maintain risk factor modification and lifestyle adjustments with full use of cardiovascular rehabilitative measures. This proposal attempts to delineate a health promotion project from the pass of view of cardiac rehabilitation considering the factors of demography, personnel support, economic support, and target population.There is, therefore, a need to grant and implement programmes that can be offered to all eligible patients . This volition successfully recruit and retain patients and will achieve and maintain risk factor control through rehabilitative measures. This author will implement knowledge of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation to establish effective cardiac preventio

SCHOLARLY ARTICLE JOURNAL SUMMARY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SCHOLARLY ARTICLE JOURNAL SUMMARY - Essay vitrineThough there are differences between the variables of heathenishity and race, the variable of culturality suffers from the same problems that are attributed to race. Furthermore, in modern substantial societies ethnicality has taken on racist tones with the argument that cultural racism is replacing the traditional notions of racism base on biology or color of individuals. This increased divisions in orderliness based on ethnic lines enhances the significance of the ethnicity variable.Ethnic divisions in society are not any different from the other divisions of society and do not exist in isolation in a society. Exclusion of minority ethnic groupings is a regular feature and the exclusion stems from innate features of the ethnic groups than on any other factors and the mischief that these minority groups face is looked upon as an essential problem with the culture of the group. Examples of this lie in the position of African Ame ricans in the U.S.A. and the Aboriginal people in Australia. An understanding of the key factors involved on the issue of sociology of ethnicity and wellness is by looking at them from four perspectives.The increase in life span experienced in the developed world has brought with it issues of chronic illness and impairment to society. Providing care for the chronically ill or those with impairments has caught the worry of society, through the assessment of how best their needs like daily physical labor involved in their care needs to be addressed. Emerging information from studies conducted indicate that while the needs of the white club are taken care of, there is less importance given to the needs of the minority ethnic communities that exits in these developed societies. The Bangladeshis in British society provide a clear example of this miss of stress on minority communities. Bangladesh was a part of the British colonial world and economic conditions in the country led to mig ration to Britain, but they came

How international relations affects some area of interest to you. One Assignment

How international relations affects almost area of interest to you. One way to approach this is to write about your proposed course of study, major or future career - Assignment ExampleWith the collapse of the Soviet Union, the main actors who try to shape the polity of transitional countries are European Union and Russia. In this context, the reflection of this incredulity on domestic Ukrainian policy is evident. In particular, from the very appearance of independent Ukraine the ideas of either getting closer to Russian confederation or entering European Union struggle with each other within Ukrainian society. In addition, radical changes of the ideological representation within Ukraines executive and legislative branches are closely joined to the preferences of this country in its foreign policy. In the given circumstances, the clear position of Ukrainian society is counterbalance not visible. Thus, the comprehension of Ukrainian internal situation is impossible without the investigation of balance of powers between Russia and the EU, clarify the dynamics of both Russian and European policies towards Ukraine, and characterizing the reflection of these international attitudes in Ukrainian internal environment. Consequently, in a given essay it becomes evident that Ukrainian society lives under the rules defined not in independent manner but by international context, because throughout the years its government has represented uncertainty in this dual choice concerning the direction of foreign policy.To start with, contemporary state of international relations is an outcome of Cold War era, as ideological struggle between modern Russia and Western gentleman (in particular, the EU and USA) still exists. In the recent history of European region, the key manifestations of this rivalry appeared when transitional countries entered either European Union (like Baltic countries) or established by Russia Eurasian Customs Union (like Belarus) (Freedman 8). later the decision of Poland on joining the EU, Ukraine turned into the border country between these two ideological camps due to its geographical position. In this context, an

Jewish art history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Jewish art history - Essay instanceThe Dura Europas Temple started as a simple private home. The Jews converted the home to a tabernacle during the 2nd Century. The Jews are a religious people. As religious individuals, the people often go to require in their temples. The Dura Europus is one of the famous temples of the Jews.However, the temple was reduced to sand starting in 244 CE. The Jews alter the temple with wall paintings. The paintings included the famous Tanakh stories. The peoples lives revolve around the temples teachings. The priests impart the religious rules on how to live life by implementing the religious teachings. The images on the temple walls tot to the religious fervor of the people.Several individuals did not believe that the decorative cycle paintings reflected didactic images. The images include stories of the Ark find in the land of the Philistines. The images include the important story of the Tabernacles consecration. The Dura Europas ceiling was cha nge with majestic images. The images had Roman themes. The temple included the Torah Shrine image, the Menorah Image, and the Akedat Yizchak (binding Isaac as he is prepared for the Sacrifice). The Paintings located inner the Dura Europas had Eastern, Roman, and Hellenic themes.The Lower East side of New York Movie shows how the Jews lived (Riis 1). The Jews were poor people. Consequently, they lived tightly jam-packed like sardines under one roof. In some homes, six persons slept on one bed, tightly embracing one another. Some Jews lived together under one small room in Shtelt and other communities. Consequently, the rooms were congested with people. Tightly packed, the Jews, especially the children, often played together on the streets and within their residences or communities. When the Jews accompany out of their temples, they are either smiling or crying. They are smiling because they are happy to control the priests new

Corporate Governance Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Corporate Governance - Case Study ExampleLong confines capital structures have been indicated to more advantages to the firm over short-term capital structure decisions (Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisson 97). Matters of equity and debt stop also be well analyzed through the capital structure. Evidently, the capital structure would help corroborate useful in sustaining the interests of managerial agents and the firm owners.U.S.-based firms could integrate elements of the corporate governance practices to make better decisions by coming up with policies that volition help their firms gain public trust. Additionally, US firms can improve the moral philosophy of the firm, corporate governance and social responsibility (Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisson 317-23). In the event that the mangers are compelled to comply with the set regulations, consequently the level of ethics will be adhered to across the board. Having a strict code of conduct will allow for compliance of set standards and regulations . This means that all the decisions made will be done

The Fire Department Strategic Plan for 2009-2013 Essay Example for Free

The Fire Department Strategic devise for 2009-2013 EssayFiremen these are the people whose functions we often take for granted. However, the role of get up segments in communities is of paramount importance. It is in the hands of the blastmen where the security and the safety of the people lye. Thus, providing for the sine qua nons of the farm surgical incision ought to be listed at the agendas of the governing body. The government must make sure that the biotic community glow department is working at their prime by providing for all of their needs. In addition to that, the government must in any case be able to deal with, and escort the future demands of the fire department for them to be able to keep up with the times.With that said, I propose for a strategic plan for the advancement of the local fire department. My project mainly encompasses the provision of equipments for the fire department so that their objectives of serving their people force out be met. Th e fire department strategic plan for 2009-2013 How could a fire department function mightily without their main weapon the fire truck? Thus, the government must be able to provide for, not only a working and functioning fire truck, except also one that can sustain the vigorous demands of the firemen.The number of fire trucks within the fire department must also be ample and sufficient in number so that the firemen can do to their communitys call for sponsor smoothly whenever the need arises. Providing for a working and sufficient fire truck can help the fire department do their function orderly and properly. Corollary to the provision of fire trucks, provision of equipments for the firemen must also be addressed. Equipments and gears much(prenominal) as the basic yet real necessary fireproof coats, gloves, fire retardant helmets, foot wears, and goggles to name a few must be sufficiently provided for.Worn out gears and equipments must also be immediately replaced and restock ed. In addition, other gears such as, binoculars, flashlights, axes, high power cutters and drills, or even compasses must also be provided for. These equipments can greatly help the local fire department in servicing the people. Ample provision of these gears can provide for the prime(prenominal) performance of the firemen in overcoming the drawbacks of narrow buildings, illegal constructions, basement fires, and in combating chemical and hazardous fires in the urban center and other neighboring field of battles.(http//www. hindu. com/2005/05/20/stories/2005052012780400. htm) Thus, the goals and objectives of the community fire department can consequently be met. The victual that I attain stated above are the fundamental tools a fireman must have. To boot, communion equipments are equally essential for the orderly functioning of the local fire department. Communication and other electronic apparatuses such as telephones and or other wireless phones, and computers at the fire d epartment must be provided for efficient communication.These communication equipments must be in adequate quantity to assure the easy middleman and access of the people to their fire department. GPS should also be placed inside fire trucks so that the firemen can know the fastest access to a site of casualty. Thus, these gears can provide for a well-organized functioning of the community fire department. To quote G. C. Mishra, a senior official at the Delhi Fire Service (DFS) Another area which has been of interest to us is the development of communication equipments which would include computerization of fire control room that result also act as an information centre.Any call being made to this place would be recorded and firemen would be given information about the special risks in the area where the fire has occurred including the layout, the pleasant of fire and will also run a check on any hazardous veridical that the men will need to look out for. It would also tell the of ficial about the adjacent fire station, cutting down the travel and response time (http//www. hindu. com/2005/05/20/stories/2005052012780400. htm) Included in my suggestion for a strategic development for the local fire department is the construction of newer and more up-to-date fire houses.These contemporary fire departments would serve as the home base of the firemen. Since this is the place where the firemen would be receiving the calls for help from the people, thusly a fire house that can keep up with the rigorous activities of the firemen must be properly addressed. This too must meet the standards for safety and protection from hazardous casualties so as not to shut down the orderly function of the department. The fire house must have adequate allocation of spaces reserved for unique(predicate) functions such as an office for the department containing up-to-date equipments which I have also mentioned above.My last proposal is none other than for the firemen themselves, a ddressing the demands of these personnel. These firemen must have the just treatments that are rightfully accord to them. A excogitate as risky as firefighting, people working as firemen must be accorded with remunerations and benefits such as in health free hospitalization and the like. To quote Mr. G. C. Mishra, a DFS senior official Our data from 2004 has shown that we have lost 10 men to various accidents. Fire-fighting is a high-tension job.Besides the obvious dangers it is also very stressful with the men suffering from exhaustion and severe health problems after every major fire (http//www. hindu. com/2005/05/20/stories/2005052012780400. htm) Closing The proposals that I have mentioned is a testament to the fact that there is a need to update fire fighting methods and equipments not just for the security and protection of a community, but also to improve the working capability of the community fire department. Reference 1. The Hindu. New Delhi Fire Service goes hi-tech. Ret rieved from website http//www. hindu. com/2005/05/20/stories/2005052012780400. htm

The ways to reduce crime in the worlds most violent cities Essay Example for Free

The ways to reduce disgust in the worlds virtually violent cities EssayCrime has long been considered to be a serious issue of more countries, some(prenominal) developed and developing, in the contemporary society. In particular, the crime rate increases annually in degree in some sectors worldwide. In this speech, I would like to show my concern about the causes of the problem and the solutions to it. There ar subjective as well as objective situationors that lead to the escalation of this adverse circumstance. The first and also the header cause of this problem is poverty, or we ignore say, economic deprivation. People are often driven to massive lengths of desperation by poverty and this is a major cause of crime all around the world. The fact that such(prenominal) frustration is created is in itself a very dangerous thing for society on the complete as global inflation has risen significantly over the last few years. It does seem that in our world today, the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. That is to say, these destitute race do not nourish enough money to buy food and separate necessities. Thus, their last resort to maintain their lives is to rob or steal, which leads to crime.More to the point, violence from mainstream media can also contribute substantially to the increase of crime. There are many films and plays containing violent or sensitive contents, which have a profound influence on the viewers. Some people want to emulate the heroes, as they see them, in the movies without knowing that the behaviour in reality can be seen as illegal in the eyes of the law. Teenagers are especially prone to this kind of constituent without the supervision of older adults. There are also many social issues bringing about this uncomplimentary circumstance. Overpopulation, racism, regionalism, family conditions, and often political power are some factors that lay the foundation of serious crimes.Besides, there are other subjective factor s. In other words, the reason for his crime-committing is partially not from the pressure of the society or social illnesses as mentioned above, and really difficult to control. Illustriously, mental disorders are a major cause of crime of this type. Other than depression, people with grave mental disorders also end up committing crimes. Such people should be treated before their tendencies and ailments get out of hand. A person with depression or some other serious mental disorder can also easily cause harm to themselves.Moreover, we have drugs, which are a bane a cause of trouble, no matter how we look at them. A person inclined to drugs is unable to support their addiction and more often than not they end up in a life of crime to fuel their habits. It is not unknown anywhere in the world that a drug addict ends up committing crimes to raise money for their habits. Besides that, there are also a crowing number of people that are involved in the drug trade. Though these people m ay not really be drug-users themselves, they often lure others into drugs and crimes. So, what should we, people in the society, do to help tackle such a problem? Government, Id like to say, need to come up with some insurance policy that helps narrow the gap between the rich and the poor. Television and film rating system need to be strictly implemented. Parents should thoroughly supervise their children, so as not for them to be stuck into drug-relating problems, and make their children lead the about fulfilled life as possible.

Your Personal Sales Letter - The Cover Letter Essay Example for Free

Your Personal Sales letter The Cover Letter EssayThe need to accompany a professional latch on with a overwhelm letter is as basic as offering a handshake, signing a card, saying convey you or the greeting at the beginning or end of a phone call. All may be taken for granted as a common courtesy, but you can be advised that by omitting any of the above, you will miss an opportunity to generate a positive and lasting impression. A savvy letter sets the stage by enticing the reader with a personal connection and a professional introduction that is expected when submitting a sight. A generic letter addressed to the resident or a cover letter addressed to whom it may concern or Senior Marketing theater director is no match for one which is personally addressed.A cover letter can be a powerful selling tool if it is professional, personally addressed, contains pertinent information to the company and position and includes highlights of your accomplishments. All are criteria for each type of cover letter. Here are a few more points to ensure your cover letter is a powerful selling toolFormat your cover letter consistently with your resume regarding the font type and headerInclude full contact information as found in your resumeAdjust right and left margins alike and leave consistent white space at top and bottomCheck for spelling or grammatical errorsObtain a contact get wind and full address for the recipientClearly introduce yourself and the reason you are submitting your resume Highlight accomplishments from your resume that are pertinent to the position Do not include information that is not available for governing body in your resume Note information about the company to reinforce your interest and due industry Choose industry/job related keywords that are current

Happiness Found in Happy Prince by Oscar Wilde Essay Example for Free

Happiness Found in smart Prince by Oscar Wilde Essay just about heroism deals with publicity of virtue and reproach of vice. Sloughing off from such a hackneyed, yet widely used frame of thought, the novel The Happy Prince (1888) by Oscar Wilde connects heroism with compassion. With a subconscious reminiscent among courage and hero, compassion is generally not a primary association with a well-set image of a hero. Oscar Wilde however, through utilization of the happy prince as a mechanism, conveys the idea of compassion and leave which consists of happiness and bag under a plot of heroism. The compassion felt by the Happy Prince mint be distinguished in two levels of analysis on himself-importance and on the unworthy. The Happy Prince, once a real prince who lived within absolute extravagance, had a life far from poverty, hunger or servility. Upon encountering the inferior naturalism of civilian faces after becoming a statue, the Happy Prince expresses his compassion on himself by saying My courtiers called me the Happy Prince, and happy indeed I was, if pleasure be happiness. (5)This distinction indicates the realization of the Happy Prince on the balance between aesthetic happiness and materialistic pleasure. It also foreshadows the displacement of the Happy Princes compassion from his receive past self to the poor, which causes heroic action by the Happy Prince. The jewels sent by the Happy Prince to the poor in the novel are not just simple sapphires or gold. Rather, they are true jewels resulted from self compassion.Such open-mindedness of the Happy Prince allows him to be penitent for his past misdeeds and sacrifice himself to supplement such faults, which resulted in promotion of the common good. History tells us that those who are titled as leaders sacrifice themselves for others. Regardless of how often sacrifice they burden, all leaders have a certain extent of private loss to reach common welfare. Similarly, the story The Happy Prin ce also depicts heroism based on sacrifice.In the novel, the Happy Prince, having beauty as a single reason for its production, sacrifices himself to the non haves on the streets by distributing his jewels through the help of a sparrow. Since the economic consumption for its existence diminishes, the mayor of the city eventually destroys the statue of the Happy Prince. The point Oscar Wilde makes at this part is that action for others with sincerity and truthfulness overwhelms the loss one gets through such action.As Erich Fromm, a German philosopher wrote in his book, To concur or To Be, property without purpose loses the value of it and absence with a purpose is more cute than its presence. Having firm belief on his action, the Happy Prince was able to practice his heroism. Mother Theresa said she lived a happy life. Her happy life, Mother Theresa said, seems to overlap with the life the Happy Prince lived as a statue. They both gave everything they had for others and realize happiness as exchange. Compassion and sacrifice may be a true key to disruption a treasure box full of happiness and beauty.

Interpretation of Political Cartoon Essay Example for Free

Interpretation of Political Cartoon assayWe feel that the cartoonist intended to convey that Malaya is going to take all the revenue of every state mired in the merger in order to contribute to Malayas prosperity. To justify our opinions above, we refer to the following points. The objet dart in the vehicle is Tunku Abdul Rahman as he is wearing a religious hat and he is as well the person driving the vehicle which made him seemed very mighty and powerful. The man rolling the wheel is Mr lee Kuan Yew as he is the person who was strongly for the common market, precisely the voice communication on the wheel that he was rolling. The truck that Tunku Rahman was driving was empty and was moving towards capital of capital of Singapore. As such, we felt that Tunku Rahman was going to take the money from Singapore in order to greater benefit Malaya. Mr leeward Kuan Yew is also put in a unstable light as it seems like Mr Lee Kuan Yew is working for the Tunku. We then further deduce that the cartoonist is pro-Malaya from the additional induction that since the original title is in Malay, the cartoonist should be Malay as well. Singapore is placed at the edge of the entire picture and our country is also depicted as small and undeveloped.Malaya on the other(a) hand, is bear-sized and has many factories that are emitting smoke which can pop the question that their factories are in operation. As established above, Mr Lee Kuan Yew is the man who is rolling the wheel with the words common market written on them. We think that this nitty-gritty that his main/ most explicit purpose of merger is for a common market to be tog up. (With further analyzation, this can be a form of saying that Singapore is selfish as Singapore would benefit more than the other states.He also seems to be kneeling on the ground which could suggest that he is desperate for a common market. On the other wheel of the vehicle, there are the words rural development written on them. We feel that this means that the Tunku is pushing forward the idea of exploitation the rural areas. (With analysation, this can also be hinting that Malaya is very gracious who is thinking about developing the other not as advanced states unlike Singapore who only thinks about her own benefits. ) We believe that these one by one are the high hopes of each country.

Industrial production Essay Example for Free

industrial production EssayIn his empirical study Imai (1996) examined other significant internal factors promoting democratic changes. He demonstrated that industrial production and gross domestic product per capita have gradual lasting influence on their execution (p. 8). It seems logical as economists argue that with growing size of the developing kingdoms market and involution of its economy, democratisation of the country is facilitated.Consequently, as the purchasing capacity of the most population measured by GDP per capita raises, the economic and political liberalization within the developing country is promoted, thus contributing further to the democratisation (Armijo, 2005, p. 2019). Imai (1996) also emphasizes that the larger is the size of the developing nations home market, and the more amounts of foreign direct investment the nation draws, the deeper democratic changes it will have to implement together with liberalization of its economy (p.11). At the same t ime, change magnitude purchasing capacity of domestic consumers fosters expansion of private entrepreneurship which, for its part, promotes political liberalization, in the long run lessen the states capability to strongly control civil liberties of its citizens (Arblaster, 1999, p. 40). So, as we discussed above, citizens of more economically ripe(p) developing countries enjoy more civil liberties, and what is important to note here, such countries usually demonstrate the panache of growing urban population.At the same time, Imai (1996) proves that number of urban population is one of indicators of the inter field of studyization of national economy, which contributes to democracy facilitation too, and more urbanized developing countries demonstrate more efforts toward democratization (p. 10). These trends evidently show that earthly concern of wealthy stable society in developing countries is one of vital preconditions of democratization. The proper concept of democratization is closely connected with the notion of civil society as democracy constitutes a form of its existence. validation of constitutional state and real democracy is impossible without civil societys coming-to-be (Penna, 1998, p. 116). Important look of civil society formation is attaining unity among the people. For example, experience of political history of many African states, as well as Yugoslavia of the first half of 1990s, demonstrates that deep disunity of the society on the ground of ethnical features and regular separatist trends among the majority of population even in the presence of democratic aspirations in the society may not only become the hindrance to democratization lick, but lead to opposite results (Penna, 1998, p.118).A some decades ago scholars entered a new notion into circulation that of consolidation of democracy which implies irreversibility of established political structures where certainty of the procedures leads to demarcation line of uncertainty o f outcomes, that is undemocratic outcomes are practically impossible (Randall Svasand, 2001, p. 78). This notion supposes that further democratization of the world is beingness considered as inevitable, and it is just an issue of time.But the way to this achievement appear to be not short one. As our study demonstrate, outcome depends on the results of economic reforms which associate with democratization of political regime in minds of major part of population, although direct interrelation of economic and political transformations is not mandatory. That is why incapability of unfledged democracies to satisfy economic interests of poor strata of population often makes a threat for entire democratization process (Petras Veltmeyer, 2001, p. 52).

Media Coursework Essay Example for Free

Media Coursework EssayFor my GCSE media coursework I have been asked to write about a tv receiver soap or series. I have chosen to write about the popular soap, Eastenders. Eastenders is a false drama soap about a sm e very(prenominal) last(predicate) community living in East London. introductory I sh all t older explain what a soap is. A soap is a television program that is all about peoples daily becomes and the events that happen. Soaps ar ongoing, contemporary dramas. Contemporary means that the diagrams and storylines are all based on on trustworthy life events that can and do happen to real people. Ongoing means the fleck of the soap is held out over the installments.Soaps can be split into different categories such as, countryside soaps, city soaps, or police soaps. Emmerdale is an example of countryside soap, Coronation Street, Eastenders, as city soaps, and The Bill as a police soap. The suit television soaps are called soaps is because the soap used to be advertised on the side of soap packets. Soaps forever and a day end with a cliffhanger. When I say cliffhanger, I mean that at the end of the episode the master(prenominal) plot finishes one-half way through. This leaves the viewing auditory sense wondering what go out happen attached, so they comply the next episode.On the some other hand, series have a different way of keeping the viewers interested. At the end of the episode they show you a sneak preview of what will be happening in the next episode. I dont think this is a good way to make sure you keep your viewers because its spoils the surprise. A series has a new main plot for every episode, the plot is introduced as the episode begins and finishes as it ends. Series always have smaller plots. The idea for these is for you to keep in the back of your mind, so you keep watching. The smaller plots are carried on over two or three episodes, like in soap.Another way they keep people watching is by letting newspapers and m agazines inform their readers of the future storylines. I dont think they should be allowed to do this because most people would rather watch the soap without knowing what will happen next. It makes the soap or series more enjoyable. By doing this, it means more people watch so they go far more money. Another Eastender makes its money is by merchandising. In other words, Eastenders produce production which have a connection to Eastenders and try to sell them. On the Eastenders website (www.bbc. co. uk/eastenders) they sell items such as, mugs, T-shirt, books etc. each(prenominal) of which have some connection to Eastenders. They may have a picture of a voice of Eastenders write across it. Series are not ongoing. They normally have about 12 episodes, then conquer with a different series. Series to a fault have different categories, such as, city and countryside series, relationship series, police, offensive and prison series, comedy series, and hospital series. Both soaps and series exaggerate the plot to make it more provoke and attract more viewers.We know that it doesnt really happen like that in life but we move out and believe it to make the soap work, if we didnt they would be no point in watching. Like in Eastenders, the characters know in a fictional city called Albert Square in East London. We all know this posture doesnt exist but we believe in it. Julia Smith and Tony Holland created Eastenders as a rival for Coronation Street. The commencement ever episode was transmitted at 7pm on the 19th February 1985. For the first eight-spot eld, Eastenders was shown twice hebdomadary but on the 11th April 1994, it was changed to three episodes per week.Now, in the year 2002, the standard yearly output with tetrad episodes a week is 208 episodes plus the omnibus repeat on Sundays. However, there are often supernumerary episodes filmed throughout the year, increasing the figure to between 210 and 215 episodes. I think one of the reasons it was ch anged to four measure a week is because that is how many times Coronation Street is shown. Eastenders is one of the most successful BBC programs in history and to date is topping the charts with viewing figures of 11. 2milion viewers per weekday episode, which is equal to 53% share of television viewing.Eastenders is for the most part watched by people aged 25- 45 with 34% of the viewers fitting in that age group. fast following is the under24s which make up 24% of the viewers. The remaining 42% of the audience are the over 45s. everywhere half of the viewers are female whilst only 33% are male and 12% of Eastenders audience are children. The reason for such a low percentage of children, I think, is because Eastenders is on our screens at staff about 730pm or 800pm and stays there for roughly half an hour. Most children would be in or going to bed.Eastenders is transmitted for our enjoyment, every Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday with a repeat every Sunday. I time an epis ode of Eastenders. The viewing time was 270692 beautifuls and the credits were 003138 seconds, which to bumher, discover a total o 273825 minutes. This is slightly over the target duration for Eastenders, which is 27 minutes and 15 seconds. The maximum is 274000 minutes. I also timed an episode of another popular soap, Coronation Street. I found out that Eastenders is on our screens for about 1 minute and 30 seconds longer than Coronation Street.The reason for this may be that, Coronation Street has a moneymaking(prenominal) break, which Eastenders doesnt have. A plot is the main storyline of the program. It usually involves two or more of the characters. Currently, the main plot of Eastenders includes Phil Mitchell, Peggy Mitchell, Sonja Jackson, Jamie Mitchell, Lisa Fowler and her and Phils baby, Louise. In a recent episode, Lisa took her baby and fled to Portugal. Phil wasnt happy about this after all she had taken his child. Phil followed her to view his daughter. In the las t episode, Phil pulled up in a taxi and climbed out with Louise.The viewers were then expecting Lisa to get out, but then the taxi pulled away. Phil had returned. Without Lisa. People were very suspicious and refused to believe when Phil lied to them saying that he and Lisa had came to an agreement. He said Lisa was suicidal and they had agreed it was best for Phil to take the baby. We found out that this was a drop lie when Peggy, was unpacking for Phil and she came across two passports. One was Phils and the other was Lisas. Peggy knows he is lying but she refuses to believe it and keeps calm down about it.This is the main plot at the moment, it only involves a few characters, but it is interesting to watch. early(a) issues that have been in the plot of Eastenders include, rape, abortion, immature pregnancy, homosexuality, drug addiction, prostitution, divorce, extra marital affairs, unmarried mothers, mixed marriages, murder, gambling, adoption, teenage runaways, Alzheimers d isease, HIV/AIDS, drink driving and euthanasia. I think that it is a good idea to broadcast these issues because all these subjects happen in real- life and it helps people to learn about it and how to cope if it should ever happen to them.These issues could also be involved in the sub- plot. Sub- plots are just like main plots but they involve fewer characters and are just there for us to keep in the back of our minds. If soaps only had one storyline, it aptitude not involve your favourite character so you might not be interested in watching. The most recent sub- plots in Eastenders are involving Ian and his wife, Laura. Laura is gravid, but we all know it isnt Ians child because he has had a vasectomy. Steven, Ians son has found out that Ian is not his real dad and that his real dad doesnt even live in England or know he has a son.Sonja made her boyfriend Jamie, sneak into Phils pub to scram Lisas passport. Soaps usually have about three or four sub- plots. This means only abou t half of the cast is actually involved in one episode. They are roughly 35 different characters in the cast, two of whom have been in Eastenders since the first episode. The two characters that have been in Eastenders since the first episode are Adam Woodyatt, who plays Ian Beale and Wendy Richard, better known as Pauline Fowler. Adam Woodyatt is my favourite character. He is 34 years old and was born on the 28th June 1968.He was born in Walthamstow. Adam is one of the few cast members to actually come from the East End of London. Ian Beale is my favourite character because he is a very believable character. This is because if you combine Adams wonderful acting with the skill of the scriptwriters, it creates a real, believable character. Also, Ian is nearly always scripted into the script. So far, Ian has been through divorce more than twice, bankruptcy, his wife tried to murder him, he has slept with a prostitute, told his old fiancie, Mel, that his child was ill just so she would marry him and his most recent plot is that his current wife, Laura, is pregnant but the child is definitely not Ians. Ian Beale comes across as a sneaky, sly, wimp and he likes to get his own way. He always seems to be plotting something but his plans never work. He is a bit of a failure. As a businessman, as a husband and as a dad. His business failed when he went bankrupt, he has been married three or four times and his son has left him, to go see his real dad. Ian does not seem like a nice man.The reason I like him is because I notion quite sorry for him. Everything goes wrong and I think he deserves something nice to happen. Underneath, I think he is really sensitive. He cries a lot, I must have seen him cry about 5 times, usually to do with his children. Ian is a character I definitely wouldnt like to be, because he has a hard life. However, the character I would love to be is Janine Butcher. The actress Charlie Brooks has the task of being Janine Butcher. Charlies date of bi rth is 3rd whitethorn 1981 and is originally from Barmouth, North Wales.Her first appearance in the soap was on 22nd June 1989 when she was only eight years of age. She was the third actress to play Janine Butcher. Janine is a fairly pleasant character although she is awful to the people she dislikes. I think she is greatly misunderstood. She likes to get her own way, and if she doesnt she really can be a frightful person to be near. She is also uses people. She once made friends with a man called Terry, just to get her hands on his money and have a job and a place to stay.But, I would still like to be Janine because she knows how to have fun and is very witty. Janine also knows how to take care of herself. These are the reasons I admire her. On a whole, I think Eastenders is really realistic because they dont exaggerate the issues too much unlike other soaps. It is also fun and tardily to watch. It doesnt matter if you miss one or two episodes because it is so easy to catch up o n the plot. I really enjoy watching Eastenders along with 53% of television viewing and I think it is one of the best soaps to watch.

Patient`s Laws Essay Example for Free

Patients Laws EssayPatients should feel at ease when giving personal information to their physician or wet-nurse (Burkle Cascino, 2011). Patients may resist offering pertinent information if they feel their confidence may be betrayed. Confidentiality enkindle only be broken when it involves a gunshot wound, injuries resulting from child abuse or an infectious disease, which would range the community at risk. Such is the case presented in Nathansons article titled Betraying trust or providing good care? When is it okay to encounter confidentiality? (2000). The article addresses an ethical dilemma presented in an episode of NBCs ER. treasure Carol Hathaway promises two reluctant teenage patients who are seeking care, that anything they tell her will persist confidential, even from their parents and anyone else. Agreeable to this, the girls divulge they hand over been end upually active with multiple partners and suspect they have been undefended to a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Tests were performed on the teenager for STDs and receive Pap tests to witness any cervical abnormalities. The test results confirm, Andrea, is positive for the human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer.Promising Andrea confidentiality, Nurse Hathaway knows she must break the promise or potentially endanger herself and the community. Nurse Hathaway is faced with ethical consequences if she breaks confidentiality with her patient. Of these consequences are reluctance to undo pertinent information, feelings of betrayal, enraged parents, disrespect of staff members, job termination, demeaned hospital reputation, poor give instruction day reputation, and a non supporting bureaucratic and legal system (Burkhardt Nathaniel, 2008). Nurses are fearful of these ethical implications, which keep them from disclosing important information, which can have disastrous results (Griffith, 2008). Deontology ruff describes Nurse Hathaways ethical framework when she finds it necessary to break Andreas confidentiality. The deontology surmise is based on the concept that a person adheres to what is right and wrong in their actions and thoughts rather than the consequences (Purtilo Doherty, 2011). Since this has turn over a public issue she is compelled to fulfill her duty by courageously choosing to bring the situation extinct in the open.Her reasoning for informing Andreas parents and school would ensure the appropriate course of treatment and avoiding make headway injury for the teen and society. Even though Nathanson saysthere is no advantage in notifying the school of Andreas sexual involvement with multiple partners, Nurse Hathaway chose to do so. By doing this, Andrea attempts to take her life when she finds out the school is aware of her situation. There are several ethical close-making sits to choose from but the best would be Uustals deterrent example to handle this particular situation. Uustal proposes a nine-step method to direct one toward making an ethical decision. This model follows the care for process and also includes and explanation of values when using and ethical decision-making model. tread 1) those implicated in the dilemma are the teenage girls, their parents, the students at the school and Nurse Hathaway. Whether or not to inform the school of the sexual behaviour of the girls and of Andreas diagnosis is the ethical dilemma at hand. misuse 2) without giving particularised information about the girls, the school needs to be aware of the students sexual air with multiple partners.Step 3) the spread of HPV and the concern for the protection of the community from STDs related to promiscuous sex are the issues related to the situation. A resolution to the dilemma would to inform the school of the concern for the sexual behavior of the students. Step 5) with good intentions, Nurse Hathaway notifies the school of the girls activities but should not kept their identities unknown and only discussed h er concern for the students in general about their participation in multiple sex partners. Step 5) implementing education in the school regarding the risks, treatments and pr detailion of STDs would follow. Step 6) the main priority should have been informing the school of the promiscuity among the students rather than of the two teens in question and Andreas new found diagnosis. Step 7) Nurse Hathaway should have only discussed her concern for sex with multiple partners between the students. Step 8 and 9) if Nurse Hathaway had followed this model, education could have occurred, the school would have been protected and Andreas privacy would have been respected.This particular model allows for the analysis of various options to sensitive, ethical dilemmas. An ethics committee consists of of representatives from different fields in and outside of wellness care as well as professionals, lawyer, clergyman, etc., from the community. With different perspectives, experiences, and education al backgrounds the committee can have a well-rounded discussion and provide suggestions proposed to advocate for the rights of patients and foster mutual decisionmaking in the event of an ethical dilemma. When conflicting moral claims are presented, the ethics committee can suggest an unbiased greet to solving the ethical dilemma (Burkhardt Nathaniel, 2008). Consulting with an ethics committee would have been in Nurse Hathaways best interest before deciding to break confidentiality. Had she not divulged pertinent information about Andrea to her school, Andrea most probable would not have attempted suicide.In conclusion, as nurses we are confronted with ethical dilemmas pertaining to upholding confidentiality in our day-to-day practice. honest decisions should not be taken lightly and treated exclusively with sensitivity for our patients and the public. Making the wrong decision could cost us the trust we build with out patients and community and our job.Burkhardt, M. A., Nathan iel, A. K. (2008). Ethics issues in contemporary nursing (3rd ed.). Clifton Park, NY Delmar Cengage Learning. Burkle, C. M., Cascino, G. D. (2011, December). Medicine and the media Balancing the publics right to know with the privacy of the patient. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 86(12), 1192-1196. Ethical decision-making language Module 3 lecture. Retrieved from Grand Canyon University http//my.gcu.edu. Griffith, R. (2008). Patient confidentiality rights and duties of nurse prescribers. Nurse Prescribing, 6(2), 116-120. Purtilo, R. B., Doherty, R. B. (2011). Ethical dimensions in the health professions (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO Elsevier.

Marketing Techniques Are Used to Market Products Essay Example for Free

deceiveing Techniques Are Used to Market Products EssayP1 describe how merchandise techniques atomic number 18 used to commercialize produces in two organisations Marketing is the activity and knead for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchange a product or suffice which has values for the customers/clients. Overall it is an integrated process which builds customer relationship and creates an identity for their customers and themselves.However, marketing can be separated into submarkets vexation to Consumer marketing and Business to Business marketing.Business to Consumer MarketingThis is the process by which companies create a value for customers and build a strong customer relationship. Importance of creating a customer relationship is for the business to capture a return value from the customer (e.g. Newsagent to Consumer).Business to Business MarketingThis is creating a value, solution, and relationship either for a short term or a long term with a busines s or a brand. This process generates a strategy that motivates sales techniques, business communication, and business developments (e.g. Wholesalers to Newsagents).A business with an school is the goal the business wants to achieve (Long Term). Primary take on for all business organisations is to add value to the product or service they be providing and some businesses pick up in making some profit. Some other aims include more strategic options like expansion, market leadership/ sum up in market sh be and brand building. Business purpose is more of tonicity by step innovation to take in order to achieve a stated aim (Short Term). To know the progress made by the business to achieve the objective, clean plan used esoteric empyreanBusinesses in the private sector are owned by private individuals or groups. The of import aims and objectives of a private sector business are to make profit and survive. Examples are Ford, Nokia and Armani.Public SectorBusinesses in the public sector are owned or controlled by the government or regional authorities. Public sector businesses aims and objectives are not necessarily aiming to make a profit most of their notes comes from funds that are acquired through tax revenue. These types of business organisation for example are NHS, Fire work and State Schools.Voluntary SectorsBusinesses in the voluntary sector raise currency to support particular case or provide a service to those in need. Even though voluntary sector businesses do not aim to make a profit, they do aim to make a surplus after(prenominal) all costs require been covered. Another aim voluntary sector businesses may constitute is to join on service provision. Examples of this type of business are Save The Children, Cancer Research UK, RSPCA.However, public and voluntary organisations have similar aims to the private sector which is to run efficiently.The three sectors can plan their objectives by using SMARTSpecific making certain the objective i s clear and readable.Measureable for example, the info can be quantified.Achievable if the objective is possible to be attained.Realistic make sure the objective is real depending on the current acme of the business.Time Bound making sure the objective can be achieved in an associated time period.Marketing strategies define objectives, plan and produce the way the business is going to satisfy customers in the chosen market. using market strategy, businesses set marketing goals, define target markets and describes how the business should work to achieve the positioning to have an advantage over its competitors. The process used for marketing strategy has three steps, which are shown below1.Research and homeworkDuring this period, the business/organisation first develops an understanding and gathers a clear picture of their target customers. As tumesce as understanding the customers, the firm also analyse their market and competition. This gives them a view of what the market s are scatty and what the market needs and also they can follow the steps of the competitors. With this information they can whence plan and start developing their market strategy.2.Developing The Market StrategyThis is the next step after collecting data from analysing the market and competition and also understanding the markets needs and wants. Next steps are to refine the distribution so what would be the best way to deliver the product or service to the target customer. The firm at this point identify their objectives and choose the right path to exploit any opportunities seen during the research stage.3.Determining Actions and ControlsFinal stage is when you implement the strategy. So to implement the strategy the organisation has to analyse the financial costs by creating a budget and evaluate the costs. After having this data calculated, the marketing strategy is then put into action and during the period of the activation of the strategy the firm will continue to evalua te the potential of the strategy and either start planning for a new one or extend if there may be any faults in the recent strategy.Now looking at the two businesses wedded Brodies Beer and Cadburys plc they both are private sector businesses with Brodies Beer having aims to survive and maximising profit and Cadburys plcs aims is to increase growth in market share and maximising profit.Cadburys PlcOne of Cadburys products called intermingle was being actual and Cadburys had an objective set while working on their new product. Their objectives wereTo grow the market for chocolate confectionary.To increase Cadburys share of the snacking sector.So when developing the product, the objective increase Cadburys share of the snacking sector was set to make sure that when Cadbury launched another product it had a USP (Unique Selling Point. Fuse is a snacking and chocolate bar and was developed to plod the position of Cadburys a seest the consumer trend towards snacking. Cadburys had a target market of ages from 16-34 when launching the fuse bar and had launched a Fuseday track down for the release of the chocolate/snacking bar Fuse. They had used Direct Marketing by having sponsorship from the Daily Mirror and stand up TV and also Public Relation campaign involving national TV, radio and press coverage.The product Fuse was the first national product launch from Cadburys in over 20 years and due to the mettlesome marketing commitment over 40 million bars were delivered to trade in the first calendar week of launch. Branding technique was used for all the marketing of the Fuse bar and the campaign called Fuseday it produces a overbearing image and presents an awareness of the product and company through advertising campaigns with a consistent theme. There are also other marketing techniques that are used for new or existing products in a new or existing market, these techniques are growth strategies, survival strategy and relationship marketing.Brodies Beer LtdBrodies Beer is a private limited company in the private sector. They brewer their own beers and also sell them. One of the beers they have is Stillwater, Premium 45, 8.5% Belgian Malt Liquor. 50% Corn and Massive dry record hop of Galaxy, Citra, Kohatu Brodies Beer market their products by launching an event which allows the public to examine and ponder round in the brewery looking and tasting the different types of beer free samples. This is one sort of relationship marketing and giving away(predicate) free samples is an attractive way to advertise their products and the business itself to the open public. This allows customers to have a test jabbing of the products that the businesses want to promote.The long term of free samples is that the customers will remember this act and will start purchasing the products. Free samples also bring in new customers and new products into the market and this gives Brodies Beer the opportunity to gain new loyal customers which is the b enefit of relationship marketing. The only drawback to this is the financial investment. All the money spent in brewing the alcohol and then giving most of it as tasters is a drawback as the time and money spent can go to waste if those customers are not going to purchase any beer in the future. However giving away free samples is a win-win strategy for the business as well as the consumers.

Economic Data Collection and Analysis Essay Example for Free

Economic Data arrangement and Analysis EssayFrom analysing the Data on the Scatter Plot the relationship betwixt the gross domestic product and the race of Great Britain from 1999-2009 appears to be a moderate positive coefficient of correlation relationship. Both variables are increasing at a similar rate and following a similar pattern which would indicate this relationship. This relationship would black market to be a positive one as more people are available to the work. inquiry 3The correlation relationship between the GDP and the commonwealth represents a strong positive correlation at 0.897922049. This indicates that the two indicators have a mean relationship and any change in all of the indicators bequeath be represented by a similar change in the other. This write in code is close to 1 which would indicate a absolutely positive correlation relationship. This would indicate that Population was a perfect indicator for Great Britains GDP.Question 4The correlati on of ratiocination indicates a adaptation of 80.6%. This government agency that 80.6% of variation in Great Britains GDP can be accounted to the nations Population variation. This is a large percentage and represents the strong relationship between Great Britains cosmos and GDP. This figure indicates a proportion of the total variation in the dependent variable, population that is explained by the variation in the independent variable GDP. This figure is easier interpreted compared to the correlation relationship overdue to its percentage format.Question 5The Slope of these two indicators is 77.038. This figure means that for every addition to Great Britains population, GDP exit increase by 77.03. This Figure represents further the close relationship between Great Britains population and GDP. The intercept coefficient of these indicators is -3375.39. This figure indicates that if Great Britains population dropped to zero that the nations GDP would in like manner fall to this figure.Question 6Using the Ordinary Least Squares technique I plotted the regress line for this scatter diagram. Using this method the reversion line is best fit to this scatter diagram. This retrogression is in accordance with the data represented in Question 3 and Question 4 shown above. This regression line expresses the relationship between the two variables and estimates the value of the dependent variable, GDP based on a selected value of the independent variable population. Based on the population of Great Britain the standard error of the GDP in the Nation is 41.55%. This indicates how precise the estimation of GDP is depending on the population of Great Britain.Part 2Question 2The Data from the scatter plot would indicate the relationship between the Unemployment and Gross theme Saving in the United States from 1999-2009 was a negative correlation relationship. This relationship would be negative due to the loss of income expeirenced as workers become unemployed.Question 4The correlation coefficient represents a strong relationship between unemployment and GNS in the United States from 1999-2009 at -0.857874442. This correlation indicates that both of these indicators are closely linked and influential towards severally other. This relationship is a strong negative correlation as forecasted above.Question 5The correlation of determination stands at 73.5%. This indicates a close relationship between the unemployment and GNS in the United States from 1999-2009. This figure means that 73.5% of the variation in Gross National Saving can be accounted for by the variation in unemployment in the United States during the same period. The percentage format of this figure makes it easier to comprehend.Question 6The slope of this correlation stands at -1.32 which would imply that the law of diminishing marginal returns is applying. This means that for every additional person in unemployment the GNS will fall. The intercept coefficient of these indicators is 22.143. This figure indicates that if unemployment were to fall to zero that Gross National Savings would change to this figure.

Marketing objectives and strategies for Special Shoes

Marketing objectives and strategies for supernumerary spaceEXECUTIVE SUMMARY particular(a) space is bingle of the close made shoe shops in the country. Although it is quite popular, extra situation demand an online based shopping lay or a website to further enhance their position as one of the top shoe shops in the country. Currently, nodes must travel to the actual shop to purchase their shoes.With the creation of the website, customer stop easily browse by dint of the selection of available shoes and products provided by the circumscribed garments Company and even receive work and promotion in their member atomic number 18as. As some pot might not like an online store where shoes bearnot be tried out before purchase/ordering, Special Shoes lead provide chiropody advice operate to the customer to further enhance the customer satisfaction on the product and guide the customer to good foot health.To make both quick and potential customer aw be of the youthful e-commerce site and in effort to encourage them to visit the website, proportional advertising will be mapd. With comparative advertising, it will be designed to highlight the advantages of the goods or services offered by Special Shoes Company compared to those of other shoe shops available in the country.For a successful comparative advertisement, the comparison between the goods or services must be shown by the objective and the communicate of the advertisement by describing their main characteristics.Marketing StrategyPart of Special Shoes merchandise strategy will base solely on its products and services provided. Special Shoes will also use advertisement that will receive abundant attention by the existing and potential customer. The strategy of the marketing campaign is to increase the target customer awareness of Special Shoes.MissionSpecial Shoes billing is to provide a wide selection of shoes and outstanding customer service. It will exist to cajole and maintain cus tomers. Their services will exceed the expectation of the customers.Marketing ObjectivesThe marketing objective of the new e-commerce site of Special Shoes is to build an effective pull campaign, bringing in new customer and keeping the loyalty of existing customers.Marketing ActivitiesPositioningSpecial Shoes will position itself as the prime minister outlet for online shoe shopping, providing the customer with the largest selection, rivaling some of the other shoe shops in the country. Special Shoes will leverage their competitive edge to achieve this desired positioning.To achieve a competitive edge, Special Shoes will provide as much selection of shoes as possible.MembershipMembership evoke be introduced either to new or existing customer through online or offline means. With the registration of customers as members, they are entitled to special discount rates and privileges provided by the Special Shoes. The first 100 customers to usher will get a one year membership for fr ee with 12 monthly issues of Special Shoes magazine.Promotions and Discounts.Promotions and discounts of the products and services of the Special shoes can be made known to the customer through online or offline means. Through online means, customers can either be sent an email or text nub to inform them of the ongoing promotion and discounts. Through offline means, advertisement can be used to attract new and existing customers.Media AdvertisementsTo further attract new customers and to inform the existing customer of the new website, advertisements can be used to achieve this aim. Examples of media advertisements that can be used are television, radio and newspaper.Chiropody adviceSpecial Shoes will also be able to provide chiropody advice services to the customer as Special Shoes recognize that their competitors did not offer this services.Addressing Existing Customer and New CustomerExisting CustomersTo distribute the existing customer of the new Special Shoes website, encoura gement and recommendation of online registration to the website can be made to get the transition of the existing customer from offline to online.New CustomersThrough advertisements, new customers can be made, therefore information of the website must be made clear and concise so that future customers can be attracted to become a member to the Special Shoes.Offline Marketing RequirementsOffline marketing is also crucial in promoting the Special Shoes shop where examples of offline marketing techniques that can be use are outdoor signage much(prenominal)(prenominal) as billboards, press releases and including the website address on business cards or other printed marketable material. mug MarketSpecial Shoes is targeting the population segments within a broad category of age, gender and needs.Since most of the customer will purchase shoes for the workplace as well as for leisure time. Special Shoes have targeted this broad selection of customer as they have the need for many diverse pairs of shoes for all of their different activities and needs.StrategiesSpecial Shoes marketing strategy will seek to progress to customer awareness regarding the products that they offer, develop the customer base, and work toward building customer loyalty and referrals.The messages that Special Shoe will seek to communicate are that the offer the largest selection of shoes and provide chiropody advice services online. People no longer need to go to the actual shop to find what shoes are available. A method of communication is by advertisement in the local media which will be primed(p) in newspapers, radio and televisions.Another method of communication will be through online advertisement such as emails, a system of communicating electronically where this will eliminate unneeded spending on postal fees to inform the customers of new products and services provided by Special Shoes. Another means of communication that can be used is the RSS feeds.What is the method to track visi tors going to the website?Tracking visitors visiting the Special Shoes website may be beneficial where the selective information from the feedbacks of visitors can be extremely helpful in tweaking and fine-tuning your site. The more data that can be collected from the visitors, the more productive and effective the campaigns, contents, and services can be produced. thither are many tools and application that is provided in the internet in order to track website visitors. Some examples of these tools are free website bring in software, analytic software and services that track and analyze data.In creating websites free website tracking software are available on the internet. In relation to this, website designer would probably have glide path to cpanel. Cpanel is an open-source GUI interface that administers to the websites and blogs. Cpanel also have the ability to view current and historical statistics regarding the domain. near cpanel interface includes these two programs suc h as Webalizer and AwStats (Advanced Web Statistics). Webalizer is a tool that keeps track of specific types of data and shows it graphically on the web. Webalizer collects data such as the URL (shows the URL that was requested by the users browser), bash (every single HTTP request that your visitors browser submits is counted as a hit), Visitor (each specific IP address or HTTP cookie), Visit (Each time a visitor accesses the website) and the User Agent (the web browser used by the visitor to access the website e.g. Firefox etc).1172 words

Roles and Responsibilities of a Qualified Nurse

Roles and Responsibilities of a Qualified NurseProfessional Role DevelopmentThe intention of this essay is to explore and hold forth important aspects of the roles and responsibilities of the saucily overt deem. It get out look at and oversea discuss on different type of roles and responsibilities including diversity. The roles and responsibilities of a capable nurse include essential master copy skills such as leading in superintend solicitude and cargon delivery situations as tumefy as maintaining standards of worry. The focus of the essay will be discussing in detail two particular roles of the freshly hooked nurse (delegation and patient role group direction). It will discuss the meaning of these concepts and their importance for nurses and tin around practical contextual manakins. It will also discuss the rational of chosen rolesA new qualified nurse expected to be suit open to dissemble in either environments and situations. This emerging health caution s ystem requires a registered nurse workforce at all levels post initial registration cap up to(p) of critical reflective thinking in order to create this system. Lofmark A (2006) claim that with registration comes a shift in headmaster accountability together with wider clinical management and teaching responsibilities. On fit a qualified nurse, the expectations and dynamics of relationships changes fundamentally. Suddenly the fresh qualified nurse is the iodin who moldinessiness acknowledge the answer whether it is a query from a patient, a career, a work colleague or a student. The newly qualified nurse will encounter many contend situations where she or he moldiness lead care delivery. This includes dealing with care management within the team, dealing with patients/service users, dealing with an a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) professionals and dealing with the required concord of the whole workplace environment. The NMC requires a student nurse to demonstrate profess ional and ethical practice, be competent in care delivery and care management and show face-to-face and professional development in order to join the register NMC (2010). It is recognized that nurses should be provided with some clear of preceptorship and supervision in their role for a period of four months time NMC (2006)) once qualified. Even in this period of preceptorship, there are new expectations and challenges faced by the newly qualified nurse.Mooney (2007) found that newly qualified nurses were faced with assumptions from others that they should issue everything. This was also a high expectation they had of themselves. In meeting the NMC standards of proficiency, the nurse should soak up demonstrated the relevant knowledge and skills in order to practise in their career. However, it is important to recognize that non every nurse knows everything about everything in their career particularly if they are practising in extremely specialized fields. What they need is to be able to develop and adapt to changing situations. Therefore, for the nurse it is impossible to know everything but they should open developed the skills to find out relevant information, reflect on it, and apply this to their practice. In essence they should turn out learnt how to learn. There is a great deal to be learnt once qualified especially related to a nurses new area of work and a ingenuous deal of the development needs to take place on the job Lofmark A (2006).The study by Jackson. K (2005) suggested that a triple-crown transition requires the nurse to develop a self-image relevant to the change in status to be able to do the job and that they meet the expectations with others with impound support. Mooney (2007) also stopovers out that the duties faced by most newly qualified nurses were not patient contact centred. There were a lot of duties related to contacting and dealing with other professionals and services. These brought anxieties related to the respons ibilities that might be faced as the nurses would become increasingly senior in their roles with others expecting them to provide the actions and the answers in complex situations. This highlights how the experience of nursing of transition from student to newly qualified nurse asshole be daunting. In the current environment there is an expectation that nurses have a preceptor one qualifying for aid in these transitions but the literature still suggests there is a difficulty in the transition process for such professionals. Hole. J, (2009) found that soul accountability, delegating duties without appearing bossy and some challenging clinical situations such as death and dying and specialised technological roles were found to be nerve-wracking by qualifying nurses. Issues of the preceptorship of newly qualified nurses become apparent and important in dealing with the transition from supervised student to autonomous practitioner.The approach taken throughout the rest of this essay will be to provide a discussion of the main theories, concepts, and issues related to the roles and responsibilities of delegation and PGD for newly qualified nurses. It will discuss the meaning of these concepts and their importance for nurses, and provide some practical contextual examples. The rational of choosing these two roles are because for the start time delegation is a huge newly qualified nurses concern. According Hole. J, (2005) newly qualified nurses are not capable to assign delegates to someone else and they end up overloading themselves. This is because an accountability issue or not clear-sighted the staffs well as they is new to the defend. Secondly, it is a legal requirement that newly qualified nurses need to have knowledge of PGDs in order to work within legal and ethical frameworks that lowpin safe and impressive medicines management NMC (2010). For this reason, I personally was interested and picked them to discuss in order to develop my understanding a nd seduce me to successfully desexualize the transition from student nurse to a registered professional.Delegation is a major theatrical role of an effective manager of patient care and is an essential skill when directing the activities of others at all levels in an organization. It is the means by which an individual is able to accomplish needed tasks with and through others. Although the delegator remains accountable for the task, the delegate is also accountable to the delegator for the responsibilities assumed. Delegation can help others to develop or enhance their skills, promotes teamwork and improves productivity Sollivan.E.J et al (2009). Therefore, delegation is the area where newly qualified staff experience huge difficulties. Often they do not see confident enough to ask someone else to do something for them. Consequently, they try to do all of the work themselves and end up leaving late or providing less than adequate standards of care. Other members of staff will n ot mind if they delegate tasks to them as long as they apply the basic rules such as ensuring that it is something they are competent to do. When delegating, the delegator remain responsible for that care if he/she do not delegate fittingly as stated by NMC (2008). It is also important that the delegator explained clearly what it is he/she want them to do and why because he/she might genuinely busy or is it just something that he/she does not want to do.Hole.J, (2005) point out that as long as he/she asks the other member of staff in a courteous manner and stick to the rules, there will be few problems. However, there may unceasingly be someone who has the potential to react in a negative way to his/her request. These people are often known for this type of behaviour and it should be dealt with swiftly by the manager. This type of reaction experience should be discussed with the member of staff or if he/she not feels confident enough to do this, he/she should talk to the manager.A s mention above this will be a difficult skill for a newly qualified nurse especially at first. They will need to get to know the other staff forward they will feel truly comfortable delegating to others in the team. They may feel guilty about asking others to do tasks which they feel that they should be doing themselves. What they need to realise is that they cannot possibly do everything themselves and that they will need to work as a team in order to deliver good patient care. The new qualified nurses may well feel that they cannot ask others especially HCAs who have worked on the ward for years to do things for them. The nurse will probably feel self-conscious and embarrassed.The answer is that it is not what the nurse asks them to do that are important. It is how he/she asks them. Good communication is the key to successful delegation. The nurse should take a few minutes to discuss with the HCA/student with whom he/she is working who will be doing what during that shift. admi nister the workload and be realistic. Therefore the newly qualified nurses must not overload themselves with care they do not really think they can give. The member of staff would rather know what their workload is at the beginning of the shift so that they can organise their time effectively. If the delegator has to ask them to take on scanty work during the shift, they will find this difficult Ellis, J.R. and Hartley, C.L, (2005). So the delegator should keep communicating with them during the shift, and if he/she is held up with relatives or an acutely ill patient, he/she should tell them and explain that he/she will try to help them as soon as possible.According to Hole.J, (2005) when the new qualified nurses are delegating, it is important to take care that this is appropriate as it is their responsibility to ensure that the member of staff to whom they delegate is competent to perform the task. This means that if they delegate a task to a member of staff who is not competent and they perform the task wrongly, they are accountable for the harm caused to the patient. Although the member of staff responsible, they remain accountable. For example, they cannot assume that the HCA/student with whom they are working is competent in the skill of measuring and recording a patients blood pressure. Just because the member of staff has worked on that ward for a period of time, this does not mean that they have been taught correctly. They must assess their competence to perform the task before they allow them to do this free-livingly. They can then justify their delegation of that skill if necessary.A long-suffering Group Direction (PGD) is a written instruction for the affix and/or administration of a clear medicine (medicines) in an identified clinical situation signed by a reestablish or a dentist and pharmacist. It applies to a group of patients who may not be individually identified before presenting for treatment NPC (2009), page 11. In simple terms, a P GD is the affix and/or administration of a contract medicine or medicines by named authorised health professionals for a group of patients requiring treatment for the condition exposit in the PGD. Conversely the health professional must be registered.RCN (2004) state that implementing PGDs may be appropriate both in circumstances where groups of patients may not have been previously identified for example, minor injuries and first contact services and in services where assessment and treatment follows a clearly predictable purpose such as immunisation, family planning and so on. Professionals utilize a PGD must be registered or tantamount(predicate) members of their profession and act within their appropriate code of professional conduct. This differs from supplementary prescribers and independent prescribers who must also successfully complete specific prescribing training and be appropriately registered before they may prescribe. However, organisations use PGDs must designa te an appropriate person within the organisation. For example, a clinical supervisor, line manager or habitual Practitioner to ensure that only fully competent, qualified and trained healthcare professionals use PGDs. Individual practitioners using a PGD must be named NPC (2009).A affected role Group Direction allows specified registered health care professionals to supply or administer a medicine directly to a patient with an identified clinical condition without him/her necessarily seeing a prescriber. For example, patients may present directly to health care professionals using PGDs in their services without seeing a doctor. Alternatively, the patient may have been referred by a doctor to another(prenominal) service. Whichever way the patient presents, the healthcare professional who works under the PGD is responsible for assessing the patient to ensure that patient fits the criteria set out in the PGD. In general, a PGD is not meant to be a long means of managing a patients c linical condition. This is best achieved by a health care professional prescribing for an individual patient on a one-to-one basis NPC (2009).The use of PGDs is widespread throughout the NHS and since April 2003, some non-NHS organisations have been able to use them suggested by NPC (2009). Organisations must ensure that staff responsible for the development / implementation of PGDs and those authorised to work under PGDs have the experience, knowledge and skills necessary to do so. However, different supplementary prescribers, nurse independent prescribers and healthcare professionals using PGDs do not have to become specifically qualified to do so. Alternatively, they must be assessed by their organisations as fully competent, qualified and trained to operate within a PGD.A suitably competent and experienced health care professional who will be working under the PGD should be involved in the writing of the PGD to ensure that the PGD meets the needs of the service. NPC (2009) sugge sts that there is no specific national training for healthcare professionals producing PGDs. Therefore, the role by RCN (2004) for nurse proposes that the registered nurse must be assessed as competent in medicines administration, must be trained to operate within a PGD and must follow the 6 Rs of medicines administration. Also In order to work under the PGD, register nurses need to be qualified for at least 6 months. They must assess the patients to ensure they fit the criteria as detailed in the PGD as well as ensuring the PGD meets the necessary legal requirements. Importantly, the supplying/dispensing or administration stage cannot delegate to another registered nurse or student nurse.The newly qualified nurses are not expected to be able to operate under a PGD until competent in medicines administration. However, they need to have knowledge of PGDs for their patient safety. For example, if patient under PGD admitted to the ward, the nurse must ensure that the medicines not sto pped. The NMC (2010) code of conduct outline that newly qualified nurses to be fully understood all methods of supplying medicines. This includes Medicines Act exemptions, patient group directions (PGDs), clinical management plans and other forms of prescribing. They are expected to demonstrate knowledge and application of the principles required for safe and effective supply and administration via a patient group direction including an understanding of role and accountability. And also demonstrate how to supply and administer via a patient group direction. The newly qualified nurses may be involved with PGDs such as assisting and identifying areas where a PGD would offer more benefits than a PSD, understand the principles and processes of PGDs and be fully conversant with all the principles associated with dispensing and administering medicines they may also be working in a variety of settings where PGDs are used for example prison health care setting, nurse led service, walk in ce ntresIn my conclusion, I have learnt the roles and responsibilities of newly qualified nurses and I have developed skills and professional knowledge to work effectively with others. The Patient Group Direction helped me how the laws and policies are set up to ensure safe and effective delivery of care given to service users under a patient group direction. I am now fain for the challenges I will face on being a newly qualified nurse by providing the knowledge and skills required to become effective and accountable practitioners. Clinical decisions will still have to be made in relation to meeting the needs of the people within my care. However, becoming a qualified nurse brings with its wider responsibilities in making and taking decisions related to the nursing team, other staff, and the work environment as a whole. These changes require a large shift from the experience of being a student and a mentored supervised learner, so it is essential that I am equipped with all the skills required to successfully make the transition.