A Raisin in the Sun Essay: Importance of Deferred Dreams

Importance of Deferred Dreams in A Raisin in the Sun A dream is a hope, a wish, and an aspiration. Young people have dreams ab out what they want to be when they grow up. Parents have dreams for their childrens future. Not all of these dreams come true at the desired moment - these dreams are postponed or deferred. A deferred dream is put on the back burner of life(Jemie 219), and it matures to its full potential, and is waiting when you are ready to pursue it(Jemie 219). It is imitation that the deferred event, though later than hoped for, will eventually come true. Deferred dreams are a significant component of A Raisin in the Sun the word dream is utilize a total of fourteen times throughout the play. Mama, from A Raisin in the Sun, experienced a dream deferred (Hughes). Mamas dreams were for the happiness of her children, and a new house. She and her husband Big Walter put everything they had into getting that house with a little garden in the back (Hansberry). When she g ets the insurance payment after her husbands death and puts money surmount on a house in Clybourne Park, she is ecstatic. The dream was deferred many times. She and Big Walter simply didnt have the money to purchase a house and move out of the apartment. I s... ...ill likely come true. Works Cited Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun. New York Signet, 1988. Hughes, Langston. Dream Deferred. Perrines Literature Structure, Sound, and Sense. Ed. Thomas R. Arp. Ft. Worth HBJ, 1998. 637. Jemie, Onwuchekwa. Langston Hughes. CLC. Vol. 35. Ed. Daniel G. Marowski. Detroit Gale, 1985. 219-220. King, Martin Luther, Jr. A Testament of go for The Essential Writings and Speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr., ed. James M. Washington. San Francisco Harper, 1986. Wintz, Gary D. Langston Hughes. CLC. Vol. 10. Ed. Dedria Bryfonski. Detroit Gale, 1979. 279-280.

Conduct Books in the 18th Century Essay -- Literature

Conduct Books in the 18th CenturyThrough tabu tarradiddle, stock books have played an integral part in defining what cultures believed were acceptable and desirable behaviors, as strong as representing the ideal person. In the introduction to The political orientation of Conduct, Nancy Armstrong and Leonard Tennenhouse attempt to show how literature and direct books have been important in relaying these messages and shaping a history of sexuality through the ages. They also point out the interesting fact that these books of conduct have been aimed more at women and far surpassed in quantity and variety (Armstrong and Tennenhouse 4) similar types of literature for men. Some of the examples they list of types of conduct literature include pamphlets on marriage, books on manners and morality, and devotional manuals designated for women of the aristocracy. Even in our culture now this type of literature exists in the forms of advertisements, fashion magazines, and transaction book s. Again, much of this type of literature is directed at women more than men, which these editors explain as an attempt to specify what a woman should desire to be if she wishes to move in a socially approved male and keep him happy (Armstrong and Tennenhouse 5). This makes sense because even today our society is patriarchal, constructed so that women many times have to total on financial support from a man. However, the introduction points out the irony of this, since not only is the desirable woman being defined, but also what a man should find desirable in a woman is defined. also note that this is not necessarily a contradiction, since the gendered world of information we inhabit today reproduces and maintains the dominant view (Armstrong and Tennenhouse 5). ... ...n, women learn how to be more desirable for men in terms of todays standards. The focus seems to be on independence as well as sexual attractiveness, and although these qualities are quite different from those of t he eighteenth century, they are still just as offensive. Just a few of the headings and articles give a clear idea of the messages being sent to women today Are you going too far to snag a man? or Bikini dead body Bummers Stretch Marks, Bikini Stubble, Flab, Back Acne--You name it, we help you banish it and even Cosmos 10 Commandments which include, among other things, ditch the bitchy mood, fall for a nice guy, hurl thank you notes, keep underwear under cover, and never lose your cool. Even today conduct books remain an integral part of a cultures beliefs and ideals, documenting a history of sexuality (Armstrong and Tennenhouse 19) through time.

Lets make the world a no clone zone :: essays research papers

Lets Make the World a No-Clone Zone     Lets Make the World a No-Clone Zone is a actually straightforward and powerful article which lists many reasons why anything and everything about cloning should be illegal. In her article Therese M. Lysaught acknowledges there is plenty of factual information or counter evidence that her opposition might use to fight her argument. Her purpose for writing this article is to get it set in peoples minds that cloning is morally and ethically wrong and should be banned completely.      At the start of the article Therese has a very good thesis Banning the use of cloning to create babies doesnt go far enough, Even so-called therapeutic or research cloning involves the destruction of human embryos and therefore is not only problematic, but likewise base (Lysaught par1). The thesis sets out her argument and lures the reader in with her powerful word choice and her appeal to emotion. Even if the readers already disagreed with the title they would be so intrigued by her well-written thesis they would have no choice but to just keep on reading.      Therese Lysaught is attacking anyone and everyone who feels cloning should be legal. But her main targets are those with the larger voice, the politicians. She comes across very intimidating in stating her array of the issue, victimization a lot of easy-to-follow, factual information, which most people are more likely passing game to be able to understand. For example, according to Lysaught, cloning is a technique used to make an embryo that is an exact copy of another organism, it does this "A sexually," which means without using sperm. There is also another form called reproductive cloning which is where the embryo is planted into the womans womb and grown to test the effects of sundry(a) toxins, or to mine them for their stem cells(Lysaught par7). Ms. Lysaught does a good job being intimidating while at the sam e time she works the sympathy side of her issue, using the results of the animal test. A quote from her article states, In animals, more than 90 percent of cloning attempts fail to achieve live birth and live-born cloned animals stand up high rates of deformity and disability. Until these technical difficulties are worked out, the risk of harm to a cloned human is unacceptably high. (Lysaught par11) both of these approaches work well to push her argument.      She also anticipates questions and arguments from her opposition for example, In their so called views, cloning chances to stop human suffering outweighs moral and ethical concerns about embryonic life.

Organization :: essays papers

Organization Initializing a classroom is the hardest part in teaching. It is a new beginning with the students, parents, and teachers. at that place is no possible way to start off a classroom by jumping into a lesson plan and expecting the students to learn. Students must be familiar with their purlieu and their classmates in order to establish a comfort level. An educator must be well-organized and planned. The students must be able to trust the teacher and their peers that the classroom give be a safe place. It is very difficult to establish the right atmosphere with a group of students if it is not there from the offset printing day of groom (Matthews A19). The first six week time period is usually set aside for establishing a climate with the students. There is a method known as, sunrise meeting. This is a daily scheduled routine. Every morning in the beginning of class the students are taught to sit in a circle and talk. They are first told to shake hands with t he children next to them and become friendly with angiotensin-converting enzyme another. Next they go around the circle giving everyone a brief introduction of themselves. For the about part, students are asked their name, age, and their hobbies. This activity not only gets the children acquainted with each other, but it also produces certain learning skills which need to be present. This teaches amicable skills, eye contact, egotism confidence, comfort, etc. The children become focused in others and interested in making friends. Without ice breaker events, students often have a hard time interacting with their peers. A survey was conducted that asked children How much do you like to play with this person in school? The lowest three females and males were then focused on for improvement of their social skills. Would you want this to be your child? (Ladd 172). Student social skills play a large role in initializing an effective classroom setting. Now, since the student s are acquainted with one another and their attention is captured, a beneficial prelude to begin teaching is established. Initializing A ClassroomTeachers have a harder role than what is presumed. As ever, the discussion is couched in terms of contrasting the relative strengths and limitations of a whole class and group

The Awakening Essay -- essays research papers

The Awakening Analytical Essay THE AWAKENING Throughout Kate Chopins, The Awakening, numerous scenes of birth and reformation are depicted. Various symbols placed throughout the book show Edna Pontelliers awakenings. For instance, many references are made to oceans and water. It is in the water that Edna has her first rebirth, but it is excessively the place where she chooses to die. Water symbolizes life, which is the reason that Ednas renewal takes place there, but it also symbolizes darkness and death. Birds, which are featured frequently in the story, symbolize Edna, and in many cases they foreshadow whats to become of her, or they show her renewal of life. The imagery of birds throughout the book is used to symbolize freedom, which is exactly what Edna was trying to earn from her husband, children, and all the other people that antagonized her. Edna has struggled all summer to learn to swim. She has been coached by the men, women, and children on Grand Isle. Swimming provide s Edna with strength and joy, and yet makes her feel retributive same a child. But that night she was like the little tottering, stumbling, clutching child, who of a sudden realizes its powers, and walks for the first time alone, boldly and with overconfidence. She could have shouted for joy. She did shout for joy, as with a sweeping stroke or two she lifted her body to the surface of the water (47). This passage marks Ednas rebirth, or renewal. Here she is described just like a child learning to walk,...

The Awakening Essay -- essays research papers

The Awakening Analytical Essay THE AWAKENING Throughout Kate Chopins, The Awakening, numerous scenes of birth and substitution are depicted. Various symbols placed throughout the hold in show Edna Pontelliers awakenings. For instance, many references are made to oceans and water. It is in the water that Edna has her first rebirth, but it is also the place where she chooses to die. Water symbolizes life, which is the reason that Ednas renewal takes place there, but it also symbolizes darkness and death. Birds, which are featured frequently in the story, symbolize Edna, and in many cases they foreshadow whats to become of her, or they show her renewal of life. The imagery of birds throughout the book is used to symbolize freedom, which is exactly what Edna was trying to achieve from her husband, children, and all the other people that antagonized her. Edna has struggled all spend to learn to swim. She has been coached by the men, women, and children on Grand Isle. Swimming provides Edna with strength and joy, and yet makes her feel just like a child. But that night she was like the olive-sized tottering, stumbling, clutching child, who of a sudden realizes its powers, and walks for the first time alone, boldly and with overconfidence. She could have shouted for joy. She did shout for joy, as with a sweeping stroke or two she lift her body to the surface of the water (47). This passage marks Ednas rebirth, or renewal. Here she is described just like a child learning to walk,...

Development of the piano from the romantic era to the classic era Essay

Development of the sonant from theromanticera to theclassiceraIntroduction This paper preludes the history of one near versatile instrument in the entertainment industry and its development. In the closing qu ruseer of the eighteenth century, the pianoforte turned into the principal instrument of parading western art music. The piano most comm simply called the piano instruments caught the hearts of many both amateurs and professionals. A piano sustains different pitches in an attractive and lyrical craze. Having the ability to bring any kind of tune in the orchestra, a piano can broadly feature the definition of a stringed keyboard with a throb meet in its instrumentation. The piano is capable of gradation of both soft and shrill this made the essential instrument of harmony pedagogy. As the dusk of the nineteenth century became, the piano was a common feature most middle-class populations of both North America and europium. Most western composers including Mozart have play ed this instrument.The classical era Cristofori developed an instrument named the gravicembalo col piano e forte, translated as the soft and loud keyboard instrument. This name sequentially shortened to pianoforte and subsequently to just piano. The device displayed in New York City in the metropolitan museum (Eugene). A combination of the magnificent tone underneath aptitude of the clavichord with the influence of the harpsichord led to three inventories. The inventors were surgical procedure separately they invented approximately the same piano actions Christofori of Padua, Schroter of Saxony (1717) and Marius of Paris (1716). Marius did not accomplish creating a piano. He deserted his models, since they were not pertinent to the present harpsichord. Schroters exploit resulted in the creation of the Vienna action and school of piano edifice. On the other hand, Christoforis piano in 1747 was with Silbermann. It was in the deedshop of Silbermann that an side of meat school of piano making emerged (Eugene). The creation of the Piano as an intact and absolute instrument accredited to Christofori Bartolommeo of Italy. German and Italian makers swap the quills by hammers of harpsichord. They steady overcame the numerous problems of its structure. A gifted French instrument maker Sebastian Erard introduced an ingenious be ond mechanism all previous ideas. This invention led to the piano action of our day (Bachus). The Broadwood as well did much to build up the supreme tone of the instrument. The manufacture of piano became one of the worlds industries. France, Australia Germany, and England were doing their preeminent to advance the traditional instrument. The claim for superior power resulted to the preamble of the substantial metal framing necessitated by the amplified tension of steel strings. The increased solidity, strength and qualities increase vibrancy and power to the tone. American makers and inventors have contributed much to the instruments improvement (Bachus). The classical level spanning over seventy years was a period when composers started pulling in the sovereignty of the numerous baroque time musical styles. They achieved by creating stringent compositional regulations. Within this inflexibility, grand composers like Mozart and Haydn created several of the utmost classical music k immediately to the world. However, they were not the solitary writers accountable for excellent classical music at the timeJoseph Franz Haydn (1732-1809) Haydn was an incredible composer, exemplified the denotation of classical era composition. Even though he was not as showy as younger, Mozart was. His compositions always remained accurate to its form. Unlike a number of other composers, Haydn had a consistent and sound job composing, performing, directing, managing and statement musicians from the royals of the Esterhazy family unit (Eugene). In this period, Haydn composed countless pieces for the performance of the chivalrous orchestra. With an astounding creative work, with the inclusion of over the 60 string quartets and 100 symphonies, he is from time to time referred to as the father of string Quartet or symphony.Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) Mozart was born in 1756 and he started the work of composing when he was five years old. He began touring Europe a short time he began composing. Unfortunately, Mozart passed on at the juvenile at 35 (Eugene). However, through with(predicate)out his short existence, Mozart had over 600 compositions. His style of composition and that of Haydn atomic number 18 similar. The only difference was its consisted of long notes, and was much flamboyant.The romantic era Political and social stress in the period of 1825-1900 following the French revolution and the jingoistic trends resulted to romanticism. The period was dramatic mud with thought. The contradictions between socialism and capitalism, faith and science, logic and emotion were significantly thou ght provoking. There were a revolt and impatience in the rules of classism and music as well as the practices of Mozart. The perfections of the romantic composers were one with an individualistic approach to emotions and feelings (Wood) In 1822, the Erard brothers untested the most prominent of all piano measures the reduplicate escapement action. The rationale of the apparatus was the similar to that of 1808. However, while highlighting its drop from the Cristofori Silbermann orientation, the purpose of every of its disconnected parts worked out with tranquil superior insight and originality (Bachus). Nevertheless, the hammer failed to fall back alone after the fast escapement, but came to rest concurrently on a sprung and a check piece sloping jimmy retained the tack hammer in proximity with the strings. The key then elevated a little the check unconstrained the hammer and thus propelled on base the strings again. The keys movement transmitted to the hammer through the sl anted lever. The act noted at formerly for its extraordinary lightness, suppleness, and dependability. Its importance cannot be overstated since only little modifications of the elements were required for the modern piano (Isacoff). Romantic music amplified power and emotional expression to portray human feelings. It preserved the formal structures from the classical period and created new forms that were viewed as better suited to the new subject matter. The theme in the novel music was at the moment not only entirely abstract, but also universally drained from other art sources as history and literature.Ludwig van Beethoven He was baptized in 1770 a German pianist and composer. He remained an important figure in the transition from classical to romantic music. He is one of the most influential of all times in the western art. He was a citizen of the Roman Empire who was an inborn of Bonn, the capital of Electorate of cologne. In his early twenties, he moved to Vienna. In Vienn a, he studied with Haydn Joseph and swiftly gained a reputation as an expert pianist. His status started deteriorating in the end 1790 however, he progressively continued to composing and performing even after he became deaf (Isacoff).In the onset of the romantic literature revolution Beethoven, composition the 1824 symphony number nine was notable. An elaborate set made the introduction of a soloist and chorus. It seemed like in a solely instrumental appearance of the classical symphony that did not entirely express his feelings. After this drastic exodus from tradition, a lot of composers felt liberated to try out other styles.Schubert Schuberts music efficiently connects the music in the Classical to the Romantic era. It does this using inventive scoring, lovely melodies, and nature imagery it weds traditional classical type and increase them. In his unfortunate petite life, he composed sonatas, symphonies operas, chamber, piano music, and more than 600 songs (Wood). Howeve r, condescension the genre, his talent for the creation of gorgeous melodies remains unmatched in history. Schuberts music was as well adoring, at times dark. He had emphasis on the minor and major key shifts backed with adventurous harmonics. Some Outstanding illustrations of his talent for tune are in admired A major quintette (Isacoff). They are inclusive of a set variance on the melody of one of his famous songs and from which he was nicknamed The Trout. Even though he left incomplete for no known rationale, Schuberts inspiring and gorgeous Symphony in B minor no. 8 in, is one of his most admired works.Wilhelm Richard Wagner Wilhelm was a German composer. He was famous for style as an essayist and theatre director. Conduct. He primarily had a unique opera the music dramas. His compositions, chiefly those of his afterward time, are prominent for their composite texture, orchestration and rich harmonies (Isacoff). The complex exercise of leitmotifs musical themes connected wi th plot elements, places, ideas, and characters. Dissimilar from most of the other opera composers, Wagner was a writer of both libretto and music for each for his works. Wagner introduced swift shift in tonal center and chromaticism in language. The advancements greatly influenced the development of classical music in Europe. His Isolde and Tristan occasionally referred as the mark for the onset of modern music. The influence of Wagner spared beyond music into philosophy, literature, and visual arts. He constructed his opera, the Bayreuth Festspielhaus that contained a variety of new features (Wood). This was the point where the Parsifal and resonance found their premiers that many stage works are performed.Conclusion Through the classical into the romantic era, the piano has significant changes. Composers gave melody into the romance period it had more emotion and melody. Music develops from the church forum into the streets and a worthwhile job. The magnificent tone underneath that was displayed at the New York museum formulated in the romantic era. This was through the ingenious inventions of Sebastian Erald. The works of Americans not forgotten as they fined tuned the construction of the instrument as well as an introduction the metal frame in the now modern pianoforte.ReferencesBachus, Nancy. The Classical Piano The Infuluence of Society, Style, and Musical Trends on the Great Piano Composers. Alfred Music Publishing, 2006.Eugene, K. Anthology of classical piano music intermediate to early advanced works by 27 composers. Cambridge Havard university Press, 2003.Isacoff, Stuart. A Natural History of the Piano The Instrument, the Music, the Musicians from Mozart to Jazz and Everything in Between. Great Russell Souvenir Press, 2012.Wood, Gillen DArcy. Romanticism and Music Culture in Britain, 1770-1840 Virtue and Virtuosity. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 2010.Source document

Gender Identity Paper Essay

The determination of sex activity identity is much deeper than whether a person is innate(p)(p) a male or a female. The exact identifier that separates gender identity is currently unknown however researchers believe that genetics, hormones, reproductive organs, biological, and environmental factors all contact a role in distinguishing a persons gender identity. A persons physical gender and their sense of gender argon formed at two different times in two different parts of the body. A persons gender is whether they argon born male or female, but the way they identify themselves may be the opposite, which is not uncommon and has occurred since the beginning of time. In culture males are known to be the stronger, more aggressive sex, while females are the fairer, more nurturing sex. Usually, by the age of four, individuals have identified their gender identities a position from what gender they were born as physically. passim this paper, I will discuss the biological factors o f gender identity (nature), environmental factors ( elicit), and the role between hormones and behavior, and how these interactions all affect the determination of ones gender identity. gender identification begins to develop while the fetus is in the beginning stages of development. Between weeks six and twelve of gestation is when the fetus begins developing reproductive organs and that is when the fetus takes on the role of male or female. Hormones are produced in both the nervous system and the endocrine system and are transported through the demarcation stream. Specifically, hormones are chemical substances that combine and respond to certain cell receptors. Hormones like testosterone and androgen are mainly found in the male gender while estrogen is mainly found in the female gender. Testosterone is a contributing factor to behaviors like aggression. sex activity identity, an individuals self-awareness of maleness or femaleness, and gender role, are programmed for the chil d within his mothers womb, (Institute of Medicine, 2006).Evidence has shown that the female gender is likely to excel in verbal skills and muscular coordination when their production of estrogen is in high spirits rather than when it is low. For men, they are stronger and more aggressive when their testosterone levels are high and they are able to perform better in actions that require physical performance. The nature side of the theory relies on prenatal hormones that modify the brain and peripheral tissue and the development of male or female external genitalia. Although a person may have a certain physical gender, their gender role is the adoption of masculine or feminine behavioral traits that are arrogate for that specific sex. Gender identity differs from the gender role because it is an individuals personal sense of sex, which is not necessarily their physical gender.There are multiple stages from childhood to maturity when hormones are present that are identifiable of a s pecific gender. The pituitary gland (or hypophysis) secretes many hormones during puberty including adrenocorticotrophic hormones, growth hormones, gonadotrophins, prolactin, and thyroid stimulating hormones. Gonadotrophins, which include luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormones, stimulate sex hormone production in the ovaries or testes and also lead to egg and sperm maturity. Prolactin stimulates milk production and adrenocorticotropic hormones stimulate the adrenal glands to secrete steroid hormones like cortisol. in all of these hormones play a major role in sexual development and an individuals determination of gender identity.Environmental factors of gender identity arise as soon as the individual is born. Everything from a female child wearing a pink dress to a male child having a sports themed blanket can play a role in their gender identity. Sociologists believe that by the age of five years old, females show a preference for dolls, arts and crafts, and playing dress up while males prefer cars, blocks, tools, and outdoor play. The environment has a direct relation to personality traits, because characteristic adaptations are always involved in expression, (character over Nurture, 2000). At a young age, children who are taught that traits and activities are take into account or inappropriate for them to perform because of their gender tend to absorb those teachings and are deflectd by them later in life. For example, young misss who are raised believing boys are innately better at sports than girls, may disclaim their interest in sports and go on to believe they are not good at them without practicing them to their enough potential.Both males and females have proven to be great athletes but if at a young age, a girl is told she will never be as good as a boy she may never give sports and athleticism a chance. Young children learn by observations, if a young girl witnesses her mother performing the acts of a man then she will repeat those acts and believe that is what is appropriate for her. The same goes for the male gender, if a little boy observes his draw doing something that a woman is more likely to do like sewing or interior decorating then that is what the little boy will believe is expect of him upon adulthood.For instance, the way in which one educates children, how children in institutions such as orphanages are raised, and the kinds of day-care are considered optimal have all been influenced by ones grounds of the interaction of biology and environment regarding gender identity, (Kowalski & Westen, 2005). The previous statement is very true because children observe many things that one may never think would guess any difference but in reality they do. Nature factors include everything from what kind of parents raise the child, what roles they perform, the culture, and even the color of paint on the childs walls all make a difference in the childs personal gender identity.I believe that between nature and n urture and their influence on gender identity, nature has a greater influence. For example, if a perfectly healthy little girl with no hormone disorders is raised with a exclusive initiate and only brothers with no immediate influence of females, she is more likely to become a tomboy and take on the gender identity that resembles that of her fathers or brothers. The same reference goes for a boy raised with a single mother and only sisters with no immediate influence of a male figure in his life. Matthew Wolfe-Meyer makes a valid point when saying, nature and its contestation is a dominant strategy unfortunately nurture fails to receive similar scrutiny and culture is more often used as an explanatory device than deeply interrogated for its logistics.Often times when a child is going through puberty and takes on the role of the opposite gender, many people jump to the hypothesis that there may be something wrong with their hormones or a chemical imbalance but before jumping to th at conclusion, they should look at their home life, how was the child raised, what was their environment like and from there they will find many answers. All children naturally comply with the demands of their internal sense of gender without effort. If the child becomes confused with their gender then they often refer to behaviors of adults near them and they learn what actions are appropriate for them relatively quick. Environmental factors bear a critical amount of effectiveness in gender identity but because environmental factors are ever changing, it proves that the nurture theory is a substantial factor.Currently, psychologists and researchers do not know the exact causes of gender identity and individuals taking on the opposite roles. But there are many factors that support both sides of the nature versus nurture argument. The male and female genders each have differences in many areas both physical and emotional but neither is better than the other. By the age of four years old each child already has an idea of who they are and what gender they belong to. Gender confusion is normal but most children are able to look at parents or acting influences in their lives and see what the appropriate actions are for their gender. Nature versus nurture has and will continue to be a strong argument.ReferencesMcCrae, R. R., Costa, P. r., Ostendorf, F., Angleitner, A., Hebkov, M., Avia, M. D., & Smith, P. B. (2000). Nature over nurture Temperament, personality, and life span development. Journal Of Personality And well-disposed Psychology, 78(1), 173-186. doi10.1037/0022-3514.78.1.173Matthew Wolf-Meyer. (2007). Complexities Beyond nature and nurture. Anthropologica, 49(2), 325-327. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/214174663?accountid=35812Money, J. (1971). Differentiation of gender identity and gender role. Psychiatric Annals, 1(4), 32-37,42-43,8-9. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/894195162?accountid=35812 (2006). Institute of medi cine (us) committee on assessing interactions among social, behavioral, and genetic factors in health. chapiter DC National Academies Press (US). Retrieved from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK19934/

What is history

Unpredictable yet calming, universal yet unique. It is a place that holds the unknown within the known. Its complexity and creases of age, embody the qualities of both our known and unknown pasts. Our history. fleck the oxford dictionary defines history as the study of past events, particularly in human affairs, my recent further analysis of our past and present world has merely dismantled the idea that history can be defined by a statistical record of events, dates and figures plainly has rather enlightened me to the inability to hold the idea of history to one function.So, what Is history? The multifaceted nature of history, Is what links It so closely to the nature of the ocean enforcing the fact that it is not one but many things. Upon analysis of Huffing Puffs controversial and exceedingly narrow-minded opinion that history should be taught and learnt with the pivotal facts and dates using the root and branch renewal of teaching, it has flow to my attention that his explici t focus on the linear nature of history, arrogantly neglects the soul of what history actuall(a)y Is. History Is constantly flowing and moving, there are an infinite number ways to define history.Huffing puffs ignorance, is embodied in the fact that history is not only about the what, but also, most importantly the where, who, why and how. History is who people were in the past and the personalities and opinions of those people. If history was scarcely pivotal facts and dates, decisions would not be made by the hundreds of choices people make to decide anything, they would Just happen automatically. Peoples personalities and opinions effect what happened in the past o much that it would be foolish to disregard past peoples point of views as history.Equally as important is the finale in which people thrived at different times in the past. The Where. Culture is the soul of a society, the ideas, customs, and social behaviors that without, societies wouldnt exist. Culture is what dif ferentiates an Australian boy to a cut one. It Is what separates the nature of Doll Hitler to Franklin Roosevelt. What culture does Is create varied perspectives. The why. Why do people make the decisions that they do? Why do different people nurse different views n war?Analyzing is history. But my discovery of history increasingly similar nature to that of the ocean, not only insights us to what history is, but the alert importance of studying it. History provides us the unique opportunity to reflect, learn and re-master mistakes from the past. It would be naive to neglect this convenience, which is history. Imagine if we TLD learn from war. Would nuclear bombs be detonating all over the globe due to lack of companionship about Its protracted destruction? Would the united Nations not exist?Not only do we regard to study history to fix or comprehend hat happened in the past, but to expand from the past. -?I e. G. Technology e. G. Light bulb. Innovation provides a reason to exis t, a purpose. Making the world a better place, isnt that what we all want to do? Huffing Puff obviously doesnt think so. People without the knowledge of there past history, origin and culture Is like a tree without roots.

My Last Duchess

My Last Duchess and one some other verse form of your choice? Firstly, the inaugurateation in My Last Duchess Is a consanguinity that has no compare betwixt the Duke and the Duchess. This Is shown through the title of the metrical com slur. The word my Is a possessive pronoun and It connotes with the fact that someone has ownership over something else In this case the Duke has ownership over the Duchess. The Duke Is objectifying the Duchess and the word afterward Is decision this suggests that the Duke has had more than one wife and they are his objects, they are not their own soul, they belong to him.This is just fortify by the line Thats my last duchess painted on the wall The word painted implies that he has preserved his wife, that she is at one time a physical object. Also it has been humansufactured by a man her husband has created her identity through his ain check of her. Further on in the poem the Duke says Nee beca hire would be stooping and I choose never to stoop. he says this be take a crap he is riled with his wifes actions. The word stooping means to lower yourself to someone elses level.This suggests that he believes he his laster up than her, so In browse to explain his annoyance and is Jealously he would have to bring himself to her level. Furthermore when he says l choose never to stoop. The choose Implies that one has power to make their own decisions and because the Duke has lots of power payable to high title In the hierarchy It implies that he invites to reinforce the fact that he has lots of power to justify his actions of not explaining his feelings to his wife.The other poem I have chosen is Our Love Now which is similar in the fact that there is no equality in their relationship either. There is some mother wit of equality in the structure, in the sense that he man and the woman get 4 stanzas, with 6 lines. This visually gives the relationship in the poem equality on the surface. However the language presents there to be no equality between the two. It is a man who writes this poem he begins with I said this is a initiatory person pronoun- it prioritize his voice, thus meaning he believes he Is more Important than her.The poet then uses she said for the other side of the poem. The word she is a 3rd person pronoun he Is talking close to her and Is therefore a recollection of a dialogue and this means he Is denying her a voice cause he is apparently interpreting what she said, when she might not have meant that at all. If the poem is read in numbered stanza order and if it is read in a sequence, the woman quiesce gets the last word. At the end she says The tree is forever dead. Such is our love. The tree is a metaphor for the love between the couple and because she says that the love Is forever dead this implies that she believes there love is like a shot non-existent and it will be forever more. Overall this implies she has ended the relationship, which also implies that she had rest rain over the relationship. This could be a reason why he writes the poem, in the guidance that he does because it gives him a voice and therefore he prat compensate for the lack of control he had over the relationship.The second presentation of the relationship in My Last Duchess Is that It Is precise separate. This Is due to the feelings that the Duke expresses about his wife and the fact that she Isnt Interested by him. He first describes the painting to be a piece of wonder, now. The comma represents a pause and therefore the piece and it hasnt always been a Wonder. Due to the painting creation an object ND this is what he saw his wife as, this then reflects his view on her and that he didnt appreciate her that much until she was dead.The word Wonder means a feeling of amazement and admiration, caused by something beautiful or remarkable. This reveals what the Duke thinks of his wife now that she is dead, when she was alive he believed she wasnt faithful and didnt appreciat e him enough but now he believes in something different, he believes in the complete opposite to what she was when she was alive. However he describes the Duchess to be twats not her husbands resent only, called that spot of Joy. In this statement the Duke is implying that his wife is promiscuous and his wife shouldnt own a quality like this.The spot means she is crimson this is associated with being embarrassed because they are in love. This then implies that she does not actually love the Duke she doesnt only belong to him as a lover. This separate relationship is reinforced by his very negative view on her when his wife was alive, he states as if she ranked my gift of a nine-hundred- years-old-name with anybody gift this is an enjambment and the poet has used it o present the Dukes anger and frustration towards his wifes lack of appreciation.The word gift makes the Duke sound like a full(a) person, it is his gift to her and therefore she should be grateful but because she isnt showing her gratitude he is angry. Furthermore the nine-hundred-old name presents the Duke to be a man of prestige and he is proud of this name. He is stating to the listener that he is above her and he is annoyed that his gift is being compared to anyone elses gift, which is obviously not on the identical level as his. Where as she agreems to be grateful for anything due to, she ranks anybody gift with his. The word anybody suggests that it is anyone, with any class or well-disposed order.The Duke presents his wife to be easily impressed and doesnt have that much intelligence. Overall he wants her to worship him and only him but she is presented to be looking for other things by being promiscuous. The relationship in Our Love Now is also presented to be separate. To begin with there is a visual separation in the presentation of the poem. On one side there is the l said where as on the opposite side there is the she said and because Hess mass have two different views on their re lationship it puts emphasis on this from the very start.There is also separation in the content of the stanzas but there is still the same theme. He uses alliteration in the scramble slowly knits. Knitting is an action that requires skill and patience, this shows that he thinks this will happen to their relationship over time. On the opposite side she says There is always a scar, a permanent reminder A scar is ugly it is an impurity and it ruins something that was once perfect. This gives a negative tone she believes that the relationship will no anger be the same as it once was.On the second stanza he again uses a metaphor for their relationship, this metaphor is the red burnt flesh is ugly the word burnt connotes with pain, which they are two suffering by. Although he has been positive in the previous stanza he begins to become more realistic by saying it can be hidden this means he has acknowledged the burn but now he wants to avoid it and be secretive about it until (overtime) it has healed. She then replies with the skin carcass bleached this is an even worse suasion of the relationship.The word bleached connotes with the skin unnatural and washed out the pigment of the skin echoed when she goes on to say and a numbness prevails. This presents a metaphor for her feelings, she no lasting feels anything. However the word prevails suggests that this is superior to other feelings, as if she has tried to fight this feeling but the feeling of nothingness has conquered. Overall this shows they are both very separate in their feelings and emotions, he still believes their relationship can heal whereas she believes it wont be the same as it once was.My last duchessMy Last Duchess Question put out about a poem set well In the past, but which remains relevant today. Explain why, despite the difference In time, the mall concerns of the poem remains relevant to you. A poem which is set well in the past but remains relevant in todays community is My Last Duchess by Robert browning. The poem remains relevant today as even nowadays there are people who possess similar graphemeistics as the Duke the abusive use of power in some societies is still relevant in some communities.Despite the obvious change in time and society, there are still people who are egotistical and controlling unman nature remains unaltered even with time. Before the poem even begins we are immediately struck by the ambiguity of the title itself. We are left to wonder how many duchesses has the duke had, who Is his last duchess nor do we know If the last Indicates the final duchess or Just the previous one. The poem begins by the duke leading an emissary around his castle, acting as a tour.He begins by reminiscing about the painting of his last duchess and the endorser comes to realize the Dukes cold character reference as he describes the painting as the depth and passion of TTS earnest glance. He refers to the girl as its instead of her, indicating she is of little w orth to him. This dehumidifies her and further suggests the duke has developed a better relationship with the painting than the he had with the woman It represents.We also come to understand here that the duke is possessive and demands to be obeyed since none puts by the curtain I have drawn for you, but l he chooses who does or does not see the duchess- something he could not achieve when she was alive. This shows the overwhelming control that the duke has over the ouches even after death- he cuts even her portrait off from what she loved biography. The woman has clearly died time ago but the possessive duke still requires control over her, suggesting a threatening and controlling relationship which can sadly sully be seen in todays society to confirm this disturbing suggestion.Later in the Poem the Duke describes his wifes imperfections and we are introduced to his egotism, which reined her in. We are told by the duke that twats not Her husbands presence only, called that spot Of Joy into the Duchess organisation twats not Her husbands presence only, called that spot twats not Of Joy Into the Duchess cheek twats not her husbands presence only, called that spot of Joy into the Duchess. The duke is explaining to the envoy that he was not the source of her happiness which suggests he is representing the fact she gained pleasure from other things in life besides the duke.His egotism and extreme self-obsession are highlighted here, painting a picture of a man who is very grand. Moreover the dukes dramatic monologue indicates that the duchess was subjugated when she was with him and uneffective to express her own opinions and feelings. The spot of Joy in the duchess emphasizes the duchesss simple character, innocent, youthful zest for, Joy in, life. It is as if his power has made him evolve into becoming a very unpleased and domineering husband. In contrast to him, the duchess has a respectful and vibrant character which is further emphasized when the duke say s such stuff was courtesy, she thought.His tone is savagely contemptuous- as if he is hissing, indicated by the alliteration of the s. The dukes scornful and cold tone is portrayed as he sneers she thought, this underlines how much antipathy he had for the duchesss view, indicating how disturbing their relationship had become. The duke expands on his wifes faults. He disapproves of how she was too easily impressed by the beauties of nature according to his unappreciative nature. Like all overbearing people, the duke describes the duchess to the referee as being fascinated without much effort, she had/ a heart- how shall I say? Too soon made glad, oo easily impressed This clarifies his critical attitude towards the duchess she can be made happy by simple things which he could never understand. The young womans faults were qualities like compassion, modesty, humility, delight in simple pleasures, and courtesy to those who served her. These lines have a natural, realistic, spontaneou s feel created by Borrowings use of disyllabic rhyming couplets which give the impression of pauses before speech, suggesting he pauses for thought, as if talking directly to us.This adds to the feeling of crime as it brings us closer to the duke, an evil and twisted character who attempts to persuade the reader. This creates to a closeness and intimacy which the reader finds sinister. Even today we can see societies having divided opinions on the attributes on certain global leaders. The dukes objections about the duchess further continued as he complains she was too easily impressed she liked whatsoever she looked on and her looks went everywhere.Here the Duke blames her for not seeing any difference between being the wife of a great man or any other simple pleasure. He believes she gave all men the kind of respect that only a man with his familys rank deserves. We are struck by horror as we come to realize the youth of the duchess herself as the duke explains her behavior aroun d the castle as she broke in the orchard for her, the white mule she rode This indicates how young she is- good of life and warm hearted, Just like a manager. He could not tolerate the fact the duchess delighted in beauty and appreciated gifts from others.He recalls that she considered his favor at her breast no more important than the setting of the sun or cherries compared to the dukes gift of a nine-hundred-years-old name. This reveals the dukes arrogance about his title and position. He talks about his title and clearly feels his position should had been given more respect from his wife. He calls his name his gift which suggests he clear to the reader that his name has been given grudgingly. The word stoop emphasizes this liking as it denotes how high up the duke thinks he is.This kind of attitude and air of arrogance would simply not be accepted in todays society due to people having being less discriminative. The dukes appalling lack of remorse and human emotion is bought to the reader when he causally describes the duchesss death. The almost inhumane coldness of his character is made clear as he states much(prenominal) the same smile? This grew I gave commands then all smiles stopped together Three very short, sharp, determinative clauses which subtly imply the girls murder. A quick and decisive process this Soother.He simply decides and the deed is done, this again shows his abuse of power, lack of empathy and humanity as murder is the final form of control. If this behavior was not shocking enough, the duke further spits out about the duchess There she stands as if alive. Wills please you rise? Well meet the company below, then orgasm Just after the previous lines, the words there she stands as if alive strongly suggests the girl has been murdered. After this there is a shocking Juxtaposition in that he was Just talking about murder before suddenly suggesting they merely re-join the other company.He has no conscience. Again we find a harsh link to todays society and the dukes era as there are people who will go to unbelievable lengths to gain their control, ignoring or out ruling their conscience sometimes with tragic consequences. In conclusion, it is clear that there are many dominant personalities in society today and the duke was one of these men. He has an exaggerated sense of his own position and importance, perhaps because of his swiftness class upbringing and family background. But this ultimately led to the cold heartless murder of his last duchess.My last duchessThis invoice of a man who has, out of Jealousy and insecurity, disposed of his wife, most likely by murder, is chillingly told by Browning through the voice of the murderer himself In a dramatic monologue. Throughout, Browning turns the speakers words against himself the apparently all-powerful narrator loses control of his narrative, Just as he lost control of his wife, and must kill his story In order to continue In his plans to gain another wife. Bro wning sets this story In Renaissance Italy, specifically in Ferrara, which is named in the poems subtitle.The specific time-period is not named, but the names of the artists mentioned in the poem recall famous painters such as Fra Angelico and Fra Lippo Lippi, who lived in the quattro and cinquecento in Italy. This period is renowned not only for the flourishing of artistic giving and the production of beautiful works of art (often of surprising verisimilitude) but also for violence, intrigue and murder indeed, Ferrara itself, seat of the dEste family, was a byword for fabulous displays of artistic and architectural taste alongside appalling brutality.These ideas embody the violence and materialism at the heart of the story, and which, It Is hinted, motivated the Dukes murder of his last Duchess. The Immediate setting for the story is an upper chamber In the ducal palace, away from the company below, and Browning uses this as a means of making his narrator a more Intlmldatlng cha racter, capable of dominating the Isolated and socially Inferior audience (the Count is, we are told our master). The use of a setting which amplifies the Dukes power is a key aspect of Brownings narrative mode here, in that the ower belies the weakness and insecurity which cause the Duchess death.The final image of Neptune, taming a sea-horse, ought to be a final flourish for the Duke in his theatrical show for the earshot envoy, yet this detail of the setting is emblematic of Brownings irony at work throughout the poem whereas the Duke sees the rarity as a sign of his wealth and good taste, and also as a representation of his ability to tame a wild animal, he does not see the irony in him taming a creature as tiny and harmless as a sea-horse.Browning begins his story with the Duke presenting a icture of his last Duchess to an envoy, In a bld to Impress upon him his power and good taste, and ultimately, to ensure winning the Counts daughters hand In marriage.Even in the first line , though, the Dukes choice of language undermines himself his confident statement of Thats my last Duchess painted on the wall ought to establish a domineering voice (and, to an extent, it does, developed through relentlessly rhyming couplets), but the undertones of the word last appear to escape him he ought, perhaps, to have said late, but this word establishes his materialism nd shallow ostentatiousness, which cause the reader to mistrust his version of events.In the subsequent discussion of the picture Browning sets up the scene and many of the central questions of the story. The Dukes apparently offtand mentioning of the artists name sits uneasily with his need for control over the curtain (which none puts by but l) establishes the contradictions Inherent in the narrative voice.The subsequent account of what the Duke Imagines Fra Pandolf saying to his Duchess Introduces the question over the Duchess cozy fidelity which will feature trongly later in the story, when the Duke me ntions the spot of joy which was not only called up Dy ner nusDan0s presence. Browning tells tne story 0T tne Duke ana Duchess marriage, and of the incidents which led to her death, in a loose, apparently unstructured series of allegations made by the Duke about her smile, which Went everywhere, and her heart, which was too soon made glad. Tellingly, the reader finds it hard to sympathise with the narrators evident indignation, show in the outburst Sir, twas all one , when all that the Duchess stands accused of is loving the dropping of the daylight in the West and a bough of cherries to the Duke it seems that these are evidence of feminine weakness, if not actual infidelity, but the readers mistrust of the Duke invites them to see the images simply for what they are examples of natures unfettered beauty.It seems that Brownings intention here is to distance the audience from the narrator, so that we are inclined to view his actions more dispassionately and critically by doing this , Browning makes the Dukes final ccusation that of his wife undervaluing his nine-hundred-years-old-name seem ridiculous. The narration of the murder itself is preceded by a passage of speech which is in marked contrast to the controlled refinement of the narrators voice in the early stages of the monologue.His phrases become fragmented, broken by asides such as l know not how, and the repeat of stoop (or forms thereof) three times in is used by Browning as conveying the impression of frustration and even anger in the narrative voice. With each repetition, the narrators grip on the narrative weakens. Significantly, whereas the Duke relates the Duchess behaviour earlier as a series of apparently emblematic incidents, at this stage he resorts to generalising, asking Who passed without / Much the same smile?What ought to be the final, damning indictment of the Duchess infidelity, becomes instead, a damning indictment of the narrators selfish insecurity. Browning recounts the Duchess death (or, at least, disappearance) in a owing(p) moment of only two lines, where the narrator appears to egain his control over his version of events. The series of short phrases, interspersed with semi-colons, has an air of grim finality, and it may appear that the narrator is smugly self-satisfied with his actions. Certainly, given the claustrophobic setting of an upper chamber, isolated from the company below, the intention seems clear.However, it is hard to see his character as being dignified and impressive, when he seems more impressed with the commands he gave, and the fact that it is smiles which stopped. Here, Browning exploits the ambiguity of the word smile hich was created by the Duke itself where he appears to intend it to stand as a euphemism for sexual infidelity, it remains in its literal meaning an innocent and charming action, and it is in keeping with Brownings method throughout the poem to invite the reader to see it as such.Browning concludes the story on a ch illing note, with the Dukes narration regaining the polished, icy control that characterised the early parts of the monologue. The return to the present tense at Willt please you to rise reminds the reader that they are a character in this drama, and Browning uses his to make the Dukes attempt to gain a new wife all the more unsettling.The Dukes appeal, phrased in impossibly oblique and opaque terms, for a dowry, is certainly baffling, but Browning here hints at a sub-text which the Duke has thus far omitted from the story the Duke appears to need money. Whether or not he is in dire financial straits, the collocation of money and the fair daughters self makes for a disturbing conclusion, appearing to sum up the Dukes brutal objectification of women, In wnlcn tney are sllencea

Legal and Ethical Aspects of Electronic Monitoring and Surveillance of Employees”

mANAGEMENT 350 hUMAN RESOURCE mANAGEMENT Legal and honorable Aspects of electronic supervise and Surveillance of Employees By Chakana Moore, Patricia Davis, Eric Luken, Michelle Dailey, Jeffrey Webb 11/21/2011 electronic supervise and Surveillance military personnel Resource Management Research Project November 21, 2011 Legal and Ethical Aspects of Electronic Monitoring and Surveillance of Employees Introduction Work step forward monitor deviceing has been a point of discussion within businesses as Human Resource Management timbers that at that place is a need to watch their employees and how they conduct themselves at all times during the carry day.Unless a government employee, employees argon subject to any monitoring the employer deems necessary. Monitoring of e-mail and voicemail, as well as personal searches is within the right fields of employers. Conducting video command and tracking net throw use are also rights of employers. There are legal as well as estimable a spects of employee monitoring which will be discussed in this paper. Specifically, well expound on two specific organization examples that illustrate the growth of study monitoring. Next, issues and challenges of employee monitoring will be discussed.Lastly, sound recommendations based on our research will be given because it affects the people within the organization. Its vital for workers to infrastand why monitoring is important and managers to respect and understand that employees fill rights as well. Company/Organizational Examples Many companies utilize monitoring and superintendence. They have to learn to balance employer and employee rights. Businesses have the right to ensure that the employees are per make uping their jobs properly in a secure environment. On the other side, employees feel they should be harbored at work and away from work.Since technology allows for employees to take vauntingly sums of valuable company secrets or data with them, workplace monitorin g has increased. Common workplace monitoring includes e-mail and voice mail, internet use, and surveillance at work. Workplace monitoring has grown because of several forces. First force was the expansion in procurable technology, ranging from the internet to global tracking devices, which enhanced video capabilities and improved information frames software. Another force mentioned in our textbook is the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, which led to the passing of ground forces Patriot Act. Robert L. Mathis, John H. Jackson 502) This Act allowed government investigators to engage in broader monitoring of individuals, including workplace, in order to protect national security. One concern brocaded in the workplace is the hiding rights of employees. Employees crumb feel they are being threatened because of the monitoring. Right to privacy is an individuals freedom from unauthorized and counterintuitive intrusion into personal affairs. However, constitutional rights to p rivacy are generally inferred through the U. S.Constitutions Fourth Amendments rights which usually apply only to demesne actions. (Kopp) In an employment context, state actions are fairly narrowed to protecting federal, state, and municipal employees private-sector employees must look elsewhere for protection. A possible source for much(prenominal) protection from employer snooping includes federal legislation and state common law tort actions such as invasion of privacy. The primary piece of federal legislation suggesting employee privacy interest is Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA). McCubbins) There are three elisions under the ECPA. The first one is the provider exception which says if the employer is providing the telephone, e-mail, or internet services to the employee being monitored, there is little doubt that the employer is protected from employee privacy claims. A second exception is the ordinary course of business. Under this exception, the employee hindq uarters monitor employee communications to ensure legitimate business objectives as assuring quality control, keeping sexual harassment, and pr sheathing use of excessive telephone or email usage.Last exception is the con move. Consent exception applies to even when the sender of the intercepted communication has been assured that all email communications would remain confidential and privileged. In Smyth v The Pillsbury Company, Smyth sent emails to his supervisor that contained unprofessional comments from his home computer. Because his supervisor gave consent to the company to intercept the emails and the emails were later retrieved by the courts, Smyth was terminated and was not able to be protected under the consent exception.A second commonplace monitoring method used by employers is internet tracking. Internet tracking drive out be used to catch non-work websites like Facebook and Yahoo accounts. Statistics show over 90% of employees admits to visiting other websites doing work hours. About 76% of firms monitor internet use. This can help companies prevent employees from going to inappropriate sites which could possibly create legal issues. For instance, a New Jersey case contained a log that showed one employee accessing porn websites.This activity caused an employee to be arrested due to repeatedly logging on that site when told by his supervisor to stop. Also, this type of activity draws attention to companies and causes law enforcement to get involved and companies can be charged with aiding and abetting legal behavior if found with evidence. A third form of employee monitoring is the use of video surveillance at work. Video surveillance can create a lot of issues in the workplace. Businesses use them on retail floors and in production areas, parts and inventory rooms, and lobbies.According to the annual survey, Workplace Monitoring and Surveillance Survey 2001 conducted by the American Management Association, more than three-quarters of all majo r U. S. firms are recording and/or reviewing the e-mail messages and telephone calls. Also, surveillance can be used to monitor software in the workplace. One surveillance capability of software monitoring can include workplace software that runs on monitored computers is hidden and difficult for an employee to find or the software could be present and monitoring their every keystrokes.Monitoring software cannot be terminated without the network decision makers permission. Major issues/challenges Video surveillance is a great way for managers to ensure that their employees are behaving ethically. All managers expect to make sure that their companys time and money are being spent in the right way. Video surveillance will show what is going on within the company, exactly with the installation of video tv cameras some businesss are likely to arise. Some of the top problems we found will be discussed over the next three paragraphs. The first problem that may arise is deception.This occurs when the company installs video camera for the first time and they dont inform the employees. If the employer lies about the locations of the camera, this can be considered a form of deception and can open up the possibility for a lawsuit to take place. The employer must be completely honest with their workers in order for the camera to be of good use. With the evolution of technology there are different ways to ensure the companys time is being used the right way and with doing that, employers must tell the employees that they will be videotaped while at work.There have been lawsuits surrounding uninformed employees and the courts have ruled in opt of the employee. Violation of confidentiality occurs when the company distri only ifes information of an employee. This can happen in different ways such as the company giving out information to psyche who doesnt have the right to have it for example, distributing video tapes of employees in a theft apprehend interview or job in terview. With the installation of video surveillance there will be varying reactions.Only authorized management staff should watch the tapes and not distribute the tapes to unauthorized users. The biggest problem that companies can saying from installation of video surveillance is invasion of privacy. This can happen when businesses install video surveillance in employee bathrooms or any other inappropriate place an employee will dwell. Its reasonable that companies want to do what they can to prevent employees from stealing from the company whether that is merchandise or time. Its also reasonable that companies want to prevent any conflict that can arise during work.Through the installation of video surveillance, problems can be prevented due to the video surveillance serving as evidence of any unethical behavior. Recommendation/Implementation Based on our research, it is highly recommended that organizations have a structured surveillance and electronic monitoring system within t he workplace. Having an accurate system in place will most likely have a positive impact on the people that work within the organization. Also, it will protect the company from unmerited/unwanted lawsuits.Surveillance systems within the workplace show that employers are taking the initiative to make their employees feel safe. Employers utilize surveillance systems to ensure employee security by placing them externally within the outside parameter of the business including parking lots, street corners, garages, and poorly lit areas. immanent cameras can help decrease workplace violence and theft within the company. If employees know they are being watched, they are less likely to cause confrontations or to steal because of the threat of being caught on tape.One negative impact that internal cameras can have on employees is it may affect employee morale because it can make employees feel like they are not trusted and that they are always being watched. However, organizations have to be careful not to violate employee privacy laws by placing video surveillance within restrooms, changing rooms, or private areas. From a legal standpoint, advances in electronic technology and telecommunication have created superfluous problems for human resource managers through the use of emails, internet, voice mail, and instant messaging.Monitoring all employees electronic usage is critical in order for the company to protect itself from lawsuits and from potentially damaging the companys image. Having a structured system in place will significantly help a company be proactive instead of reactive in their disciplinary steps to correct or eliminate the abuse of their internal electronic systems. The employer should have scanners that are render with scanners that will screen for inappropriate pictures or wording and a firewall that will block inappropriate internet websites that the company does not approve of. If an employee is flagged by this deliberate system, hey should b e disciplined immediately according to company policy and human resource professionals should thoroughly document the incident to prevent lawsuits or in the event a lawsuit is filed they are well prepared to prove that the company was justified in their disciplinary actions they took. The correct strategic approach to electronic monitoring and surveillance is to have an in depth employee handbook which is an essential tool for communicating information regarding the workplace policies and disciplinary actions. The handbook should be a downwards communication that flows from the top management to the rest of the organization.However, the organization should create a company culture were employees also feel comfortable with upward communication that change managers to learn about employee concerns because several of the employee handbook violations are reported by lower level employees. Within the employee handbook, employers should have a video surveillance policy informing employ ees about their surveillance system, informing them that the surveillance system is only performed for legitimate business purposes, and that they strictly limit those who view the surveillance videos.Also, there should be an electronic communications policy that employees are required to sign a permission form that states, they will comply with the policy. This policy should clearly outline that electronic use is provided by the employer for business use only the use of media for personal use is restricted and is subject to employer review all passwords must be functional to the employer and the employer reserves the right to monitor or search any media without notice. Organizations must ensure that they are balancing employer and employee rights by using electronic monitor and surveillance systems for business purposes only.Conclusion Surveillance of employees in the work place comes down to investments and the right to be involved in almost all aspects of that investment. Involv ement in ones interest is a good thing but if used excessively, any good things can be harmful. 90 percent of whole kit and caboodle admit to the use of their computer for non-work related issues, this is an impressive stat that any intelligent business owner would not ignore. Ignoring this stat turns your back on the quality and quantity of work you are paying your employees for, not including legal issues that can be devastating to your company.Internet surveillance seems to be a much need necessity for large companies were as video surveillance is needed for almost every company. Video surveillance is only the epitome of technology and ethical monitoring. Now business has the factor of protecting tangible, non-tangible, and human investments at all times. This act starts by insuring employees that they are protected and procedures are in place to keep them working along an ethical passage. This is why it is important to inform those in the work of surveillance, it discourages u nwanted behavior, this does not only protean to employees but to outsiders as well.How many times have you see signs of surveillance? Some says Smile, you are being watched, this very smart thing to do in this day in age. Everyone would love to watch every outcome of their childs development but no one has the time and resources to do so. What if you could? What if this was your job? Sure you would try to do so with the best of your abilities, but at the same time, you would have to give them private time. So, there is a clear line between protection and Violation of Confidentiality and Invasion of Privacyworks for any company is a privilege not a right, but it is a right for privileged peopled to be protected ethically. Works Cited Kopp, k. Electronic Communications in the Workplace E-mail Monitoring and the Right of Privacy, 8 Seaton Hall Const. L. J. 861. 1998. McCubbins, G. Daryl and Jeretta Nord/Tipton F. E-Monitoring in the Wokplace Prviacy, legislation, and surveillance soft ware. COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM. Vols. 49, No 8. August 2006. Robert L. Mathis, John H. Jackson. Human Resource Managemnet, Twelfth Edtion. Mason South-Western Cengage Learning, 2008, 2006.

European Union Essay

During the 20th century, legion(predicate) different views arose concerning the merger of a previously divided atomic number 63. Opinions varied dep extirpateing on the individuals country and heritage, but largely because unification could improve conditions in some countries, while jeopardizing the conditions in others. Those in favor of a unified Europe usually had something to gain from it, while those who were against it had something to lose. Many countries were trite after WW1 and WW2, and interested in finding a possible source of peace.As Konrad Adenaver states Nations cannot continue to live exclusively according to their own desires and inclinations. (Doc 6). The ideas of new imperialism and nationalism were being replaced with ideas of peace and unification. In this hope for new found peace , countries such as France, Germany, and many other countries became involved in the European frugal Community(EEC). Sir Winston Churchill wished to be more like the U. S, and to form a council of Europe. (Doc1) Being the former immemorial minister Britain, he might privation this due to Britain ties and respect for the U. S.not everyone shared this respect for the U. S, as shown in a Soviet Newspaper, a cartoon of a greedy the Statesn destroying Sovereignty of West European Countries. (Doc 4) Spain seemed to excessively bewilder some hesitation in the idea of a unified Europe. The prime minister of Spain, Felipe Gonzalez, states NATO membership and joining the European Community mean the end of the traditional isolation of span. (Doc 11) Since the U. S was the creator of NATO, Spain might have some hostility towards America for being left out of NATO, while Russians may have hostility left over from the cold war.France seemed to be a bit irritated with the fact that Britain first refused to participate and even took a hostile attitude, as if the EEC were a economic and political threat. (Doc 8) These words, spoken by the President of France Charles de Gaulle, summed up the attitude of many French. He also claimed Britain had too many ties to America to be fully committed to a Europe Union. Harold Macmillan, the British finance minister claimed that joining the EEC would collapse our system of favoring rade with the British common wealth. (Doc 7) Britain did emergency unity but it also needed to do what would be best for the country individually, as summed up in the words of Margaret Thatcher, British Prime Minister, We want to see Europe more united and with a greater sense of common purpose, but it must be in a way which preserve the different traditions, etc. (Doc12) Britain was still a big powerful country, and did not necessarily benefit from the unity as much as smaller countries would.Italy Prime Minister Jack Lynch declares his commitment to EEC, saying We would naturally be interested in the defense of the territories embrace by that community(Doc 10) Although there were many different reasons why countries would want a united Europe, it did end up happening. Although there was still some suspicion as Duncan Sandys stated (speaking of Charles de Gaulle) Were gravely louche of the policy of American and British governments,(Doc 2) a European Union was formed. The United States did, and still does, have a strong influence over Europe, but Europes unification makes it more powerful force as well.

Knowledge Is Power Essay

Knowledge is Power, but knowledge does not perpetually come with power. Knowledge is the state of awareness or understanding shape uped from experience or study study specific information about something. This means a person has the resourcefulness to obtain and criticize reclaimable and informative information in order to become well informed citizens who derriere reap talented decisions based upon their understanding and awareness of everyday situations. Does this make them stiff? Is a question that creeps into ones judging? Well, power is said to be the ability or capacity to act or perform effectively. Without knowledge, how can this ability to perform effectively, be possible? Indeed, it cannot. This proves that knowledge is very much a necessity to gain Power.Education is the key to success is one of the sayings that one hears throughout their college life. It is invariably true that every person who is knowledgeable leads a successful life. Education plays an importa nt role in promoting a nations economic growth, as well. When you look at Americas rise to power during the past war era it is free as well as trivial to attribute it to the abundance of natural resources and surplus number of freshly inventions. But, really we must consider how those inventions came about and how those natural resources were utilized to a productive end.More significantly than what made America the most powerful country in the world is why it became the most powerful country. It wasnt luck, or coincidence or the fact that they had abundant resources but because they laid a regular foundation for their people by educating them and making them valuable members of the society who could meet the demands of the competing world. Investment in higher(prenominal) education is worthwhile because how much you spend on it right now definitely will make up for the amount it makes you gain later in life.

Little Miss Sunshine Essay

In the exposition the hearing is first introduced to Richard on stage giving his 9 smell speech. The directors use a low angle flavour suggesting that he is a superior and authoritative character. Richards stiff voice booms through the room when he says the dialogue there are two types of people in this world victors and losers, the way Richard speaks makes him appear to be a winner and that he truly believes in the 9 step program he is nerve-racking to sell. Dayton and Farris create a false impression of Richard, making the audience believe that he is a winner. Ironically once Richard finishes his speech, the camera pans to his audience, which is none other than a classroom of ten people hesintly clapping, this diminishes his position of power instantly. This tapers the timeless vagary that winning is non everything because that when a person whos only goal is winning are in fact losers because they are non learning the classic lessons in keep that come with this journey so they dont to the full succussed. When people focus to hard on winning they miss out on the more meaning(a) lessons that come with this adventure.The idea that winning is everything for Richard creates a false world for him. Richard in his own mind thinks that he is a winner but it is clear to the audience that he is not. Richard is to consumed in winning which leads him into unintentionally being mean to Olive. The dialogue Dont apologise Olive, its a sign of derelictness shows how Richard is trying to force his beliefs onto Olive. The close up of Olive (that follows) looking nerves and sad that her father thinks shes weak shows the audience that Richard is too focussed on winning which leads him to cause to be perceived innocent Olive . This shows the timeless idea that winning is not everything because if we focuses to much on winning that it can lead us to forgetting our morals and hurting the people we love, making us losers in the real things that matter like family an d love.Dayton and Farris use the character Richard to show the audience that winning is not everything. On the road journey Richard also takes an emotional journey and discovers that life is not all about winning. Richard slowly changes through out the movie into a true winner because he starts caring for other people and starts to use his 9 steps rather than blankly disquisition about them. Nsdghjgtsjdgh The first sign of this positive change is when. The directors use a two person shot of Richard and the pageant coordinator to show how Richard has changed for the better. The dialogue what is your daughter doing? Richard replies shes kicking ass shows how Richard has changed and now understands that winning is not everything. In this two person shot Richard appears to be the true winner because has now come to make believe the one of the true meanings of winning which is having a loving family, while the pageant coordinator is still focussed on the idea that winning is everythin g, this shows how Richard was and how he has changed for the better. This shows the timeless idea that winning is not everything because when he realises that its not all about winning , he becomes a winner because now he value his set his family and now isnt focussed on just winning. Dayton and Farris help us to understand that we shouldnt regurgitate all our effort into stupid meaningless competitions but instead focus on the truly important things in life. Through Richards change the audience learnt the timeless idea that winning is not everything . Dayton and Farris show that though someone may appear to be a winner and successful in life, this is not unceasingly true and what is on the inside and how you treat people is more important. By Richard realising that the true values in life are love and relationships not success we are shown that we should focus on the true values in life for us.

Support Learning Activities

Describe how a learning put forward practician may contri barelye to the planning, delivery and brush up of learning. What learning bet on strategies have you recitationd or could you use to meet the holds of your learners?Learning support practiti wizardrs prat be an invaluable resource in the favored planning, delivery and review of learning. They can offer immeasurable support to the teacher and, most importantly, to the school-age childs. However, that support is solely truly effective if it is organized, incorporate and consistent both in terms of the learning objectives set by the teacher and the pupils admit learning needs. There are many ways in which a learning support practitioner can present to the Classroom Process Cycle1 (planning preparing doing reviewing etc. ) provided lets look at just some of them.Planning is essential to working efficiently and effectively as a learning support practitioner (or teaching assistant). Without planning how you intend t o support the pupils learning you run the likely risk of not just wasting their time whilst you shape yourself, but also providing inconsistent and often conflicting or confusing messages to the children. If you are not on the same page as the teacher then there is a possibility of inadvertently contradicting them which in turn confuses the pupil, clouding their understanding and ultimately creating obstacles to them achieving their learning objectives.This is counteractive to learning, which could not be further from the aspire of the teaching assistant role. The ways in which a learning support practitioner can contribute to the planning are numerous, from the obvious preparation of equipment and a safe environment conducive to learning to providing perceptive input regarding pupils one-on-one learning needs and abilities based on their own sleep with.Offering your own observations of effective support strategies based on your acquired knowledge of a pupils abilities can be a priceless resource for the teacher, who may never themselves have the chance to gain such insights into an individual childs learning style. The opportunities for one to one time between teachers and pupils are very a couple of(prenominal) and far between so the observations of a teaching assistant, who works more often with smaller groups and individuals, can be vital in providing a more in depth and detailed view into what strategies he or she thinks will work especially when dealing with specific or specialist learning needs.The legality is, of course, that there is never one learning strategy that works for any one child. Learning support strategies need to be fluid and the support practitioner needs to be able to adapt from one to another as and when the situation requires. You may need to remind the pupil of the teaching points, make sure they are concentrating, question them and encourage them to ask questions themselves.My own experience of working with a small group pr eparing a presentation on the six wives of Henry VIII was that there was a constant need to continually remind the five pupils of the aim of the exercise namely that they needed to have a finished, structured and lucid presentation at the end of it The temptation amongst them was to concentrate on the more fun aspects of their explore (in this case tales of extra-marital affairs, incest and beheadings) and on preparing skits and drawings but they were clearly losing sight of the fact that all this had to hang to nonplusher as a coherent presentation with equal participation from each pupil.Making sure the pupils concentrated and didnt get sidetracked, reminding them of the teaching points and giving them constant encouraging yet guiding feedback were key strategies I used in making sure the task was completed successfully. The delivery of learning support is not complete, however, until you have cater back to both the pupil and the teacher and reviewed your own success as a learn ing support practitioner.In feeding back to the pupil it is vital that your feedback is constructive. This does not necessarily mean it has to be positive but it is vital that it is not destructive. It should serve to encourage and help the pupil. Feeding back to the teacher is equally as important as this will provide the teacher with information as to individual pupils progress, any difficulties they baron be having (or indeed that you might be having) and this in turn will feed into planning for the abutting lesson as per Wilkinsons Classroom Process Cycle.The importance of the role of teaching assistant should not be underestimated as they provide essential support to both teachers and pupils alike. As the demands put upon teachers are increased obviously year by year, the learning support practitioner is there to contribute to all aspects of the planning, delivery and review of learning giving a broader support structure for the teachers and a more complete learning experien ce for the pupils.

Look at Macbeth’s Monologue in Act III Scene I, what do we learn about Macbeth? Essay

In Macbeths soliloquy in Act III pictorial matter I, we learn a lot about Macbeths insecurities.He tells us that he does not finger safe on the throne because of the witches prediction that Banquos children will be kings. He fears Banquo because Banquo is brave, and he represents ethical and he would not approve of how Macbeth obtained the acme, we can see Banquos suspicions earlier in this scene when he fears that Macbeth has playedst most foully for the crown.He says that Banquo is clever and as long as Banquo is around, Macbeth will live on in fear of him. Macbeth thusly talks about how the witches have predicted that Macbeth will have no children and his crown is fruitless, and he has a barren sceptre meaning that he will not arouse pass on his crown to anyone in his family. He then says that he only murdered Duncan for Banquos children, as they will be the next kings, and it was only for them he gave his soul to the devil and only for them he has convey a more evil and treacherous man.He then asks for fate to be kind. This is a urinate change in Macbeths character here, earlier in the play he was described as disdaining fortune in battle, which meat that he did not worry about fate or fortune, he just fought bravely against the odds, but now we see that Macbeth has come to rely on fortune and beg for it to be kind to him.In this monologue Macbeth reveals that he is probably going to kill Banquo and Fleance, Banquos son. in the first place in the scene he asked how Banquo was going to get to the banquet at Macbeths palace and if Fleance would be going with him. He wants to kill Banquo to stop himself going mad with fear of the witches prediction about Banquo having kings. He realises that this may mean that one of Banquos children may kill him to become king.He wants to kill Banquo and Fleance, as that will stop Banquos line of descendants as Fleance is Banquos only son and then Macbeth will be safe in the crown.We can also see that Macbeth is a very uncertain person and is especially insecure as a king. He will go to any lengths to make sure that he remains king, even murdering his best friend and his best friends son. in that location are some hints I this passage that Macbeth is going slightly mad. He says that he ahs filed his mind, which means that has corrupted his mind or has gone a bit crazy, by killing Duncan.In this monologue we see some of Macbeth darkest and deepest thoughts. He has changed from the brave, loyal and honourable man that we first were introduced to him as by the destruction captain to a man that is willing to murder innocent men for power, and a man that is haunt by predictions made by some old women.

Hamlet Philosophy Essay

Shakespeares bring, critical point, is an Elizabethan tragedy. Hamlet, a young Prince of Denmark, suffers a dilemma between the unrelenting ambition of revenge and clash moral standards. This is very much a play about revenge, but the reason that it continues to intrigue literary and theatrical audiences for al nearly 400 years, is because of the underlying philosophical meanings. Hamlet is more than a philosophical play than it is a play about revenge. Throughout the play, Hamlet analyzes the uncertainty that cobblers last brings, questions the final arbiter in judgement and defies societys belief in the great range of mountains of being.Hamlet is surrounded by death. However, he is the only character that confronts death philosophically. Despite the revenge he is planning, Hamlet considers taking his let life. He strives to extract revenge upon Claudius, but the more guidance he seeks, the more lost and indecisive he becomes. Hamlet seriously questions if life is worth livin g from his life crisis. This is seen in Hamlets most famous soliloquy, that is said at the kingdom of Elsinore, before being spied upon by Claudius and Polonius. To be, or non to be?That is the question / Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer / The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, / Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, / And, by opposing, end them? To die, to sleep / No moreand by a sleep to check out we end / The heartache and the thousand natural shocks / That flesh is heir totis a consummation/ Devoutly to be wished To die, to sleep. / To sleep, perchance to dreamay, theres the rub, / For in that sleep of death what dreams may come / When we take over shuffled off this mortal coil, / Must give us pause. Theres the respect / That makes calamity of so long life./ For who would bear the whips and scorns of measure, / Th oppressors wrong, the proud mans contumely, / The pangs of despised love, the laws delay, / The insolence of office, and the spurns /That patien t merit of th unworthy takes, / When he himself might his quietus make / With a bare bodkin? Who would fardels bear, / To grunt and sweat under a weary life, / But that the dread of something afterwards death, / The undiscovered country from whose bourn / No traveler re rungs, puzzles the bequeath / And makes us rather bear those ills we impart / Than fly to others that we know not of?/ Thus conscience does make cowards of us all, / And thus the native change of resolution / Is sicklied oer with the pale cast of thought, / And enterprises of great pith and moment / With this regard their currents turn awry, / And lose the name of action. (3. 1. 57-89) In this soliloquy, Hamlet speculates if suicide is preferable but it soon occurs to him that death is not a way out, because it is not possible to know what fate comes after death. Hamlet contemplates that the journey to death may lead to an eternal sleep, but it may not the next life may in fact be worse that the life we are aware of.It is the uncertainty death brings that inhibits people from decision their lives. Furthermore, Hamlet also questions the final arbiter in judgement. This is seen when Hamlet discovers the treachery of Rosencrantz and Guildensterns visit, and reveals his depression . Why, then, tis no(prenominal) to you for there is nothing / either good or bad but thinking makes it so to me it is a prison. (2. 2. 249-251) Hamlet is referring to how there is no final arbiter in judgement, but that people with differing morals and ethical motive decide to believe in desired opinions that correspond to their beliefs.This observation that Hamlet makes can be compared to the doctrine of existentialism, which holds that The starting point of philosophical thinking must be the experience of the individual. (Existentialism) Hamlet is referring to how there is no definitive truth but only subjective truth, and societys accepted values will favour one kind of truth, no matter how flawed it may be. Las tly, Hamlets trance with death leads him to draw his own conclusions on the moral beliefs of society.Hamlet challenges the great chain of being the phantasmal hierarchal structure of all matter and life on earth. Upon his obsession with death, Hamlet asks Horatio for guidance on his perceived speculations at the cemetery about Alexander the Great. No, faith, not a jot. But to follow him thither with / modesty enough, and likelihood to lead it, as thus / Alexander died, Alexander was buried, Alexander / returned into rubble the dust is earth of earth we make / loam and why of that loam, whereto he was converted, / might they not stop a beer set?/ Imperious Caesar, dead and turnd to clay, / Might stop a hole to keep the interlace away / Oh, that that earth which kept the world in awe, / Should patch a wall to expel the winters flaw (5. 1. 201-210) Hamlet realizes that death is the inevitable fate of everyman that the fate of everyman is a journey into dust. termination eliminate s the differences between all people, regardless of how distinguished or insignificant they may be. Hamlet concludes that the great chain of being is false and everything in it, ultimately crumbles into dust, just like the bones in the cemetery.Hamlet is more a play about philosophical ideas and speculations, than it is a play about vengeance. There have been an extortionate amount of tragedies produced, but Hamlet remains the most produced and analyzed Shakespearean play of all time because of all of the philosophical meanings and interpretations. Hamlet philosophies over death, judgement and the great chain of being. The most prominent philosophical idea in Hamlet is the mysteriousness of death. Interestingly, in Hamlets soliloquy To be, or not to beThat is the question (3. 1.57-89), it is addressed as the question, not a question. This can be interpreted as the most important question a person may ever have to face in life. Indeed, Hamlet is Shakespeares philosopher. Perhaps Sha kespeare was attempting to philosophically question societys motives in life, similar to Maslows hierarchy of needs, a theory of successive human motivation. References Existentialism. n. d. Wikipedia. 06 December 2012. . Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Toronto Harcourt Canada Ltd. , n. d.

Linear algebra Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

elongate algebra - Research Proposal Exampleed perception that linear algebra is just about lines and vectors, of Xs and Ys or variables and constants (Larson, Kanold & Stiff 277) that are so far away from the laymans life. In addition, the internet is widely utilize now by most entrepreneurs who are the focus of this claim who would greatly benefit in knowing how their businesses bequeath succeed in a number of months or years. These projections will not but catch a large number of entrepreneurs attention but will also let them appreciate the faculty of this field of study, seeing the beauty of algebra in the solution of such disciplines as economics as well as engineering, physics and geometry (Ellis & Gullick 67).Background I will conduct my study through online and memorial tablet to face interviews with at least twenty entrepreneurs. I will avail of copies of their periodical online sales, which if the entrepreneur would not be willing to give could be in terms of the ne arest opine figures. This information will then be used as data for projecting sales in the future using graphs as well as tables and sets of ordered pairs as these are important methods of colloquy in business, science and social studies (Baley & Holstege 101).Scope I will have ten face to face interviews and ten online interviews to complete the desired number of samples. I will particularly ask questions about their capital, the appointment of the start of business, their monthly income and their projection of sales in six months, one year and two years. I will also ask about their basis for these projections to be compared to a more scientific march with the use of linear algebra.Theoretical Framework I will be doing the study in the linguistic context of solutions to equalities, involving two variables (Larson et al. 277) which will be time and sales. Mathematical modeling will also be used in an accurate and simple manner for it to yield meaningful answers and to be usable not only by those who specialize in numbers and graphs but also by

Acounting information System(AIS) research for Certified Management Paper

Acounting information System(AIS) for sure Management Accountant(CMA) - Research Paper ExampleFirst, the Texas State Board of Public Accountancy (TBPA) requires that an individual moldiness complete at least 150 semester hours of college credit. The total number of credits that an applier studied in college moldiness be verified when the said individual produces official transcript as well as a well filled application of accreditation. The application of intent will only be sanctioned upon verification that the official transcripts show attendance of 150 semester hours. These hours maybe achieved by completion of masters degree or other higher degree course conferred by a university that is recognized by TBPA, completion of an speed level accounting courses that is needed to take CPA exam or sluice completion of additional semester hours(extra units studied in college) of pep pill level courses that enhance accounting skills and proficiency.In this regard, TSBPA requires that ap plicants must(prenominal) complete at least 30 hours of accounting courses out of the entire 150 semester hours. These 30 hours must be of upper accounting level courses such as cost accounting, financial accounting, financial contestation analysis, intermediate accounting, accounting control and advanced accounting. Alternatively, applicant may complete the 30 hours by complemental 12 hours of accounting information systems and 12 hours of taxation courses (TSBPA, 2014). Moreover, the applicants must also complete 24 semester hours of upper level business courses such as business law, financial management, finance, statistics, marketing, information technology, business communication and economics.Additionally, an applicant must also complete at least 3 semester hours on ethics (in which the courses emphasize on integrity, independence and objectivity of an individual) and 2 semester credit hours in tax analysis and research or upper level accounting. Secondly, an applicant appl ies for